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. 2014 Oct 27;8:340. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00340

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Copyright © 2014 De Jesus, Dos Santos, Ribeiro, Pinheiro, Freire, El-Bachá, Costa and de Fatima Dias Costa.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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TNF-α (A) and IL-10 levels (B) in culture medium of rat neuron/glial cell co-cultures treated with 300 IU/mL of IFN-γ or 1 mg/mL of LPS and infected with Neospora caninum tachyzoites (ratio cell:parasite 1:1), 72 h post infection. Data represent the percentage of concentration means and its respective standard deviation compared to untreated control cultures (considered as 100%) three independent experiments carried out in triplicates. “a” represents a significant statistical difference when compared to untreated/uninfected control cultures; “b” represents a significant statistical difference when compared to untreated/infected cultures; “c” represents a significant statistical difference between the same treatment group; (Two-way ANOVA/Tukey’s Multiple Comparison Test—p < 0.05).