TABLE 2.

Multivariate models of VLDL-C association with CAC

Model	Full Sample Tobit Ratio (95% CI) P value	Men Tobit Ratio (95% CI) P value	Women Tobit Ratio (95% CI) P value
Model 1	0.40 (0.13–0.64) p=0.001	0.17 (−0.09–0.43) p=0.196	0.98 (0.41–1.54) p=0.001
Model 2	0.38 (0.12–0.65) p=0.005	0.22 (−0.08–0.52) p=0.146	0.62 (0.04–1.22) p=0.035
Model 3	0.38 (0.12–0.65) p=0.005	0.20 (−0.10–0.50) p=0.189	0.75 (0.16–1.34) p=0.013
Model 4	0.31 (0.03–0.58) p=0.030	0.15 (–0.15–0.46) p=0.323	0.72 (0.09–1.36) p=0.026

Model 1: age gender, race.

Model 2: Model 1 + HbA1c, total cholesterol-based Framingham risk score, medications (zetia/statin, niacin/fibrate, ace inhibitor, calcium channel blocker, beta blocker, diuretic, metformin, sulfonylurea, thiazolidinediones, insulin), alcohol use, and exercise.

Model 3: Model 2 + BMI, duration of diabetes, and C-reactive protein.

Model 4: Model 3 + plasma apolipoprotein B.

Abbreviations:

BMI=body mass index

CAC=coronary artery calcium

CI=confidence interval.

HbA1c= hemoglobin A1c

VLDL-C= very-low density lipoprotein cholesterol