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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Surg. 2014 Aug;149(8):829–836. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2014.857

Figure 2. Changes in discretionary surgery after insurance expansion in Massachusetts, by subgroups.

Figure 2

Bar graphs represent percent change in the mean rate of discretionary surgery from before to after Massachusetts healthcare reform (July 2007). Non-white population includes blacks and patients of Hispanic origin. Low income refers to patients residing in Massachusetts counties with low median income. Newly insured refers to patients residing in Massachusetts counties with high numbers of individuals gaining insurance from 2006–2008. Control states are New Jersey and New York. Net change in Massachusetts due insurance expansion was determined using multivariable difference-in-differences analysis and represents the change in rate of surgery attributable to insurance expansion.