Table 4.

Sex differences in models of PTSD

Models of PTSD	Main behavioural index	Male/female vulnerability	Strength of evidence
Cat predator stress	Startle/aversion	Females > males	**
Fear conditioning	Freezing	Males > females	**
One footshock exposure	Aversion/freezing	No differences	*
Tailshock exposure	Conditioned eyeblink/startle	Females > males	***
Fear potentiated startle	Startle	Females > males	*

Animal models of PTSD reviewed herein are presented and the main behavioural index assessed is noted. Male and/or female vulnerability to the model is mentioned.

^*Denotes scarce evidence in the literature.

^**Denotes medium strength of evidence in the literature.

^***Denotes high strength of evidence in the literature.