Table 1. Summary of high‐fat diet‐fed, streptozotocin rat studies.
| References | STZ* | Diet†,‡ | Initial age/BW | Strain§ | Metabolic measures¶ | T2D stage (**,††) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hu et al.83 | 1 × 30–35 | 12W, 26K, 15.2P, 58FL, % | 10–12 weeks | SD | PG = 22 (H), PI = 191 (H), HOMA‐IRς = (H) | Early (T2D) |
| Abo‐Elmatty et al.78 | 1 × 35 | 2W, 17C, 25P, 58FL, % | – | A | FBG = 18 (H), SI = 86 (S), HbA1c = 10 (H), TG = 1.5 (H), LDL = 3.2 (H), HDL = 0.6 (L) | Late (T2D) |
| Gandhi et al.79 | 1 × 40 | 2W, 73ND, 25FCN, 2CO | 180 ± 10 g | W | FBG = 17 (H), PI = 198 (H), TG = 1.7 (H), TC = 2.5 (H) | Early (T2D) |
| Khan et al.84 | 1 × 35 | 2W, 20CS, 10FL, 2.5CO, 1O | 230 ± 20 g | SD | FG = 14 (H), FI = 111 (L), TG = 1.4 (H), C = 5.7 (H), HDL = 0.5 (L), LDL = 1.5 (H), HOMA‐IR = (H), HOMA‐B = (L) | Late (T2D) |
| Ren et al.85 | 1 × 30 | 6W, 67ND, 20CS, 10FL, 2CO, 1O | 8 weeks/180–220 g | SD | – | NA (T2D) |
| Hou et al.86 | 1 × 25 | 20C, 20P, 59F | 200–220 g | SD | TG = 18 (H) | NA (T2D) |
| Guo et al.60 | 1 × 30 | 4W, 67ND, 20CS, 10FL, 1O | 140–180 g | W | ISI = (L) | NA (T2D) |
| Mahmoud et al.87 | 1 × 35 | 2W, 41C, 18P, 40F | 190 ± 10 g | RN | G = 16 (H), HbA1c = 9 (H), I = 108 (L), HOMA‐IR = (H) | Late (T2D) |
| Si et al.69 | 1 × 50 i.v. | 2W, 41C, 18P, 40F | 7 weeks, 200 g | SD | BG = (H) | NA |
| Guo et al.88 | 1 × 30 | 4W, 67ND, 20CS, 10FL, 1O | 140–180 g | W | PG = 18 (H), PI = 206 (H), TG = 1.7 (H), TC = 3.5 (H), IRI = (H) | Early (T2D) |
| Hussein et al.89 | 1 × 35 i.v. | 2W, 3CS, ST, 74PSB, MP, 23FVO, 1O | 15–21 weeks | SD | FG = 13, FI = 107, TG = 2.1, TC = 5.2, HD = 1.0, LDL = 3.7, ¶¶ | NA (T2D) |
| Guo et al.90 | 1 × 30 | 4W, 67ND, 20CS, 10FL, 1O | 140–180 g | W | PG = 17 (H), PI = 299 (H), TG = 1.5 (H), TC = 2.8 (H), IRI = (L) | Early (T2D) |
| Sharma et al.80 | 1 × 40 | 1.5W, 73ND, 25FCN, 2CO | 170–200 g | W | BG = 17 (H), I = 123 (H), APQ = (H), TG = (H), HDL = (L), LDL (H), HOMA‐IR = (H), HOMA‐B = (L) | Early (T2D) |
| Albersen et al.59 | 2 × 20 | 2W, ND added 10FL, 2CO | 12 weeks | SD | BG>17, SI = (L), TG = (H), TC = (H), LDL = H), HDL = (H) | NA (T2D) |
| Lu et al.65 | 1 × 30 | 8W, 30C, 22P, 12F, 3O | 8 weeks, 250 ± 20 g | W | BG>11, HbA1C = 8, TG = 1.4, C = 2.0, HDL = 1.5, LDL = 0.2, ¶¶ | NA (T2D) |
| Parveen et al.91 | 1 × 40 | 2W, 41C, 18P, 40F, % | 160–200 g | W | HbA1c = 11, ¶¶ | NA (DS) |
| Zou et al. 201092 | 1 × 25 | 8W, 25.6C, 16.4P, 58F, % | 220–250 g | SD | FBG = 20, SI = 86, HbA1c = 7, ¶¶ | NA (T2D) |
| Xing et al.93 | 1 × 30 | 6W, 66ND, 20CS, 10FL, 2.5CO, 1O | 170–200 g | SD§§§ | FBG (H), ISI (L), ¶¶ | NA (D) |
| Zhang et al.94 | 1 × 25 | 8W, 60 FL, % | 180–200 g | SD | FPG = 21 (H), FPI = 190 (H), FTG = 2.7 (H), PTC = 2.1 (H) | Early (DS) |
| Islam et al.95 | 1 × 40 | 2W, 47CS, ST, 20PCA, 20FL, 10O | 5 weeks, 120–140 g | SD | FBG = 181.7 ± 60.1 (mg/dL), FBI = 61.8 ± 27.3 (pmol/L), HbA1C% = 7.8¶¶ | NA (D) |
| Zhang et al.56 | 2 × 30 | 4W, 48C, 20P, 22F | 200–250 g | W | FBG = 14 (H), FI = 64 (S), TG = 1.7 (H), TC = 3.0 (H) | Late (DS) |
| Gao et al. 200796 | 1 × 25 | 4W, 30CS, 15FL | 210–220 g | SD | BG = (H), TG = 0.9 (H), C = 2.6 (S) | NA (DS) |
| Sahin et al.61 | 1 × 40 | 2W, 30CS, S, 20PCA, 40FAF, 10O | 8 weeks, 200–250 g | SD | G = 26 (H), I = 161 (L), TG = 4.4 (H), TC = 6.5 (H) | Late ‐ NA |
| Danda et al.97 | 1 × 35 i.v. | 5W, 60FAF, % | 175–200 g | SD | BG = (H), Hba1c = 6 (H), C = 3.1 (H), TG = 3.3 (H), ¶¶¶SI = 84.3 | NA (T2D) |
| Srinivasan et al.55 | 1 × 35 | 2W, 17K, 25P, 58F, % | 160–180 g | SD | PGL = 23 (H), PI = 217 (S), PTG = 2.0 (H), PTC = 4.6 (H) | Late (DS) |
| Zhou et al.82 | 1 × 40 | 4W, 54C, 13P, 20FL, 5O | 4 weeks, 83 ± 5 g | SD | FBG = 14 (H), FSI = 60 (S), TG = 3.7 (H), C = 2.6 (H) | Late (DS) |
| Wu et al. 200498 | 1 × 30 i.v. | 2W, 41K, 18P, 41F, % | 8 weeks | SD | FBG = 7 (H), I = 77 (S) | Late (DS) |
| Zhang et al.81 | 1 × 15 i.v. | 8W, 50C, 13P, 30F | 8 weeks | SD | FBG = 17 (H), FSI = 120 (S), TG = 3.8 (H), C = 2.4 (H) | Late (DS) |
| Yang et al. 200371 | 1 × 15 i.v. | 8W, 40C, 13P, 40F, 7O | 8 weeks | SD | FBG = (H), TG = (H), C = (H) | NA (DS) |
| Reed et al.54 | 1 × 50 | 2W, 41C, 18P, 40F | 7 weeks, 200 g | SD | BG = 21 (H), I = 186 (H), TG = 7.5 (H) | Early (DS) |
*STZ treatment: Number of doses × dose (mg/kg) of Streptozotocin. The route of administration was intraperitoneally unless otherwise indicated; intraveneously (i.v.). †Diet (duration): Duration of diet regimen in weeks (W) before STZ treatment. ‡Diet (nutritional content): dietary Carbohydrate percentage (C): Starch (ST), Sucrose (s); dietary Fat percentage (F): Animal Fat (AF), Lard (L), Coconut Oil (CN), Vegetable Oil (VO): dietary Protein percentage (P): Casein (CA), Milk Powder (MP), Soy Bean (SB); dietary Cholesterol percentage (CO); dietary percentage of Other components than C, F, P and CO (O); Normal diet (ND); %kca is specified with ‘%’. §Strain of male rats: Sprague Dawly (SD); Wistar (W); Albino (A); **Female. §§Metabolic measures: The metabolic measure was either Higher (H) or Lower (L) in the HFD/STZ rat than in lean controls, or the same (S). All data have been converted to SI units. The mM Unit was used for: Glucose (G), Blood Glucose (BG), Plasma Glucose (PG), Fasting Glucose (FG), Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Triglycerides (TG), Fasting Triglycerides (FTG), Total Cholesterol (TC), Plasma Triglycerides (PTG), Plasma Total Cholesterol (PTC), High‐Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low‐Density Lipoprotein (LDL); The pM Unit was used for: Insulin (I), Plasma Insulin (PI), Fasting Blood Insulin (FBI), Fasting Serum Insulin (FSI); The mg/mL Unit was used for serum adiponectin (APQ); Homeostasis Model of Assessment of β‐cell function (HOMA‐B); Homeostasis Model of Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA‐IR); Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI), Insulin Resistance Index (IRI); ¶¶Statistics against controls were not provided, ¶¶¶No lean controls were included. **Stage of type 2 diabetes (T2D): Whether the animal model mimics the Early versus the Late stage of type 2 diabetes was based on the levels of insulin and glucose provided in the study. The model was concluded be mimic the early stage if glucose and insulin levels were higher than in controls, whereas the model was concluded to mimic the late stage if insulin levels were lower than or the same as in controls. ††Nomenclature for the HFD/STZ rat model: Type 2 diabetes (T2D); diabetes (D); according to the Diet and STZ treatments (DS); lack of meatabolic parameters to classify the model or lack of nomenclature (NA).