Table 2.
Summary of the reported dynamic studies of primary hepatic carcinoid tumors
| Author (year) | Age/sex | Modality | Early phase | Late phase |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iwao et al. (2001) | 75/M | CT | Peripherally enhancing masses | Hypodense masses, some of which were accompanied by a weakly enhancing central area |
| Lin et al. (2009) | 48/F | CT | An enhancing nodule | A nodule with washout |
| Takayasu et al. (1992) | 30/F | CT | An enhancing mass with spotty nonenhancing areas | An iso- to slight hypodense mass with more hypodense foci |
| 74/F | CT | NA | A mass with slight enhancement | |
| Abdel Wahab et al. (2006) | 55/F | CT | A marginally enhancing mass | A mass with complete fill-in enhancement |
| 52/F | CT | A marked heterogeneously enhancing mass | A mass with washout | |
| Komatsuda et al. (2005) | 82/M | US | A marked enhancing mass except for cystic areas | A less enhancing mass than the surrounding liver |
| Ulusan et al. (2005) | 46/F | CT | A peripherally enhancing mass | A centrally enhancing mass |
| Touloumis et al. (2008) | 65/F | MRI | Progressive enhancing lesions | |
| Iimuro et al. (2002) | 71/M | CT | One homogeneously enhancing mass and another ringed enhancing mass | Two Masses with enhancing parts that became hypodense compared with the liver |
| Gao et al. (2011) | 53/F | CT | An enhancing nodule | A nodule with washout |
| Shah et al. (2005) | 46/F | MRI | An isolated arterial enhancing lesion | NA |
| Our cases | 70/M | MRI | A mass including solid areas with strong enhancement | A mass including solid areas with prolonged enhancement and non-enhancing multiple cystic areas |
| 74/F | CT | A mass including irregular solid areas with strong enhancement | A mass including solid areas with prolonged enhancement and non-enhancing areas | |
F: female, M: male, CT: computed tomography, US: ultrasound, MRI: magnetic resonance imaging, NA: not available.