Table 1.
Participant characteristics across age groups, by state
| Manipur (n=1,657) | Nagaland (n=1,705) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18–24 years % (n) | 25–34 years % (n) | 35 + years % (n) | Total % (n) | pvalue a | 18–24 years % (n) | 25–34 years % (n) | 35 + years % (n) | Total % (n) | pvalue a | |
| Literacy | 0.017 | 0.013 | ||||||||
| Illiterate | 9.4 (37) | 7.5 (67) | 12.5 (46) | 9.1 (150) | 18.3 (136) | 23.8 (186) | 25.7 (46) | 21.6 (368) | ||
| Literate | 90.6 (355) | 92.5 (830) | 87.5 (322) | 90.9 (1,507) | 81.7 (607) | 76.2 (597) | 74.3 (133) | 78.4 (1,337) | ||
| Marital status | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Never married | 89.5 (351) | 53.6 (481) | 18.8 (69) | 54.4 (901) | 91.9 (683) | 52.9 (413) | 17.4 (31) | 66.2 (1,127) | ||
| Currently married | 8.2 (32) | 36.6 (328) | 66.6 (245) | 36.5 (605) | 6.9 (51) | 42.6 (333) | 73.0 (130) | 30.2 (514) | ||
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 2.3 (9) | 9.8 (88) | 14.7 (54) | 9.1 (151) | 1.2 (9) | 4.5 (35) | 9.6 (17) | 3.6 (61) | ||
| Length of injecting career | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| < 3 years | 64.4 (251) | 20.8 (186) | 13.7 (50) | 29.5 (487) | 71.6 (530) | 33.6 (262) | 21.7 (38) | 49.0 (830) | ||
| ≥ 3 years | 35.6 (139) | 79.2 (708) | 86.3 (316) | 70.5 (1,163) | 28.4 (210) | 66.4 (517) | 78.3 (137) | 51.0 (864) | ||
| Most commonly injected drug | <0.001 | 0.004 | ||||||||
| Heroin | 87.8 (344) | 96.8 (868) | 99.5 (366) | 95.2 (1,578) | 14.9 (111) | 18.8 (147) | 8.4 (15) | 16.0 (273) | ||
| SPb | 6.9 (27) | 2.2 (20) | 0.3 (1) | 2.9 (48) | 82.1 (610) | 77.7 (608) | 86.0 (154) | 80.5 (1,372) | ||
| Other | 5.4 (21) | 1.0 (9) | 0.3 (1) | 1.9 (31) | 3.0 (22) | 3.6 (28) | 5.6 (10) | 3.5 (60) | ||
| Frequency of injecting | 0.140 | 0.244 | ||||||||
| Injected less than daily | 35.1 (133) | 33.0 (291) | 28.5 (101) | 32.5 (525) | 79.9 (504) | 76.1(537) | 78.2 (133) | 77.9 (1,174) | ||
| Injected daily | 64.9 (246) | 67.0 (590) | 71.5 (254) | 67.5 (1,090) | 20.1 (127) | 23.9 (169) | 21.8 (37) | 22.1 (333) | ||
| Place usually procure needles/syringes | 0.391 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Needle syringe programme | 77.3 (303) | 79.5 (713) | 82.9 (305) | 79.7 (1,321) | 65.3 (483) | 51.4 (402) | 40.3 (71) | 56.3 (956) | ||
| Chemist / pharmacy | 19.4 (76) | 17.8 (160) | 15.2 (56) | 17.6 (292) | 32.6 (241) | 47.6 (372) | 58.5 (103) | 42.2 (716) | ||
| Other | 3.3 (13) | 2.7 (24) | 1.9 (7) | 2.7 (44) | 2.2 (16) | 1.0 (8) | 1.1 (2) | 1.5 (26) | ||
| Shared needle/syringe - past month | 0.474 | 0.918 | ||||||||
| No | 85.2 (310) | 87.3 (748) | 88.1 (310) | 87.0 (1,368) | 62.0 (426) | 62.2 (423) | 60.4 (90) | 61.9 (939) | ||
| Yes | 14.8 (54) | 12.7 (109) | 11.9 (42) | 13.0 (205) | 38.0 (261) | 37.8 (257) | 39.6 (59) | 38.1 (577) | ||
| Drew drugs from common container at last injection | 0.005 | 0.786 | ||||||||
| No | 72.7 (285) | 75.5 (677) | 82.3 (303) | 76.3 (1,265) | 48.9 (363) | 50.6 (396) | 50.3 (90) | 49.8 (849) | ||
| Yes | 27.3 (107) | 24.5 (220) | 17.7 (65) | 23.7 (392) | 51.0 (379) | 49.4 (387) | 49.7 (89) | 50.1 (855) | ||
| Ever had sex | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| No | 25.8 (101) | 9.6 (86) | 4.9 (18) | 12.4 (205) | 14.8 (110) | 3.3 (26) | 0.0 (0) | 8.0 (136) | ||
| Yes | 74.2 (291) | 90.4 (811) | 95.1 (350) | 87.6 (1,452) | 85.2 (632) | 96.7 (757) | 100.0 (179) | 92.0 (1,568) | ||
| Number of female sex partners - past yearc | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| None | 17.5 (51) | 22.4 (182) | 19.4 (68) | 20.7 (301) | 3.4 (21) | 8.3 (62) | 16.7 (29) | 7.3 (112) | ||
| 1 | 32.3 (94) | 51.8 (420) | 69.7 (244) | 52.2 (758) | 30.0 (186) | 42.3 (315) | 50.0 (87) | 38.2 (588) | ||
| ≥ 2 Partners | 50.2 (146) | 25.8 (209) | 10.9 (38) | 27.1 (393) | 66.6 (413) | 49.3 (367) | 33.3 (58) | 54.5 (838) | ||
| Female sexual partners – past yearc | ||||||||||
| Regular non-paid partner(s) | 44.3 (129) | 56.8 (461) | 72.6 (254) | 58.1 (844) | <0.001 | 75.1 (471) | 78.2 (589) | 82.7 (148) | 77.5 (1,208) | 0.081 |
| Casual non-paid partner(s) | 47.8 (139) | 21.8 (177) | 9.1 (32) | 24.0 (348) | <0.001 | 55.1 (343) | 39.1 (292) | 27.5 (49) | 44.2 (684) | <0.001 |
| Paid partner(s) | 17.9 (52) | 14.8 (120) | 6.3 (22) | 13.4 (194) | <0.001 | 5.6 (35) | 5.2 (39) | 8.9 (16) | 5.8 (90) | 0.149 |
| Consistent condom use with different types of female partners – past yeard | ||||||||||
| Regular non-paid partner(s) | 16.7 (21) | 7.0 (32) | 9.9 (25) | 9.4 (78) | 0.004 | 17.7 (82) | 9.1 (53) | 2.7 (4) | 11.7 (139) | <0.001 |
| Casual non-paid partner(s) | 28.4 (40) | 16.6 (30) | 17.6 (6) | 21.3(76) | 0.032 | 38.7 (135) | 27.8 (83) | 16.0 (8) | 32.4 (226) | <0.001 |
| Paid partner(s) | 57.7 (30) | 43.3 (52) | 50.0 (11) | 47.9 (93) | 0.219 | 52.8 (19) | 34.1 (14) | 18.8 (3) | 38.7 (36) | 0.049 |
| Ever had an HIV test | 31.6 (124) | 58.7 (525) | 62.0 (228) | 53.0 (877) | 0.000 | 37.2 (269) | 46.3 (342) | 43.8 (70) | 42.0 (681) | 0.002 |
| Tested positive for different types of infectionse | ||||||||||
| HIV | 5.9 (9) | 27.3 (138) | 65.0 (106) | 30.8 (253) | 0.000 | 0.0 (0) | 2.3 (9) | 2.7 (3) | 1.4 (12) | 0.021 |
| Hepatitis C (HCV) | 53.3 (81) | 74.9 (379) | 90.2 (147) | 73.9 (607) | 0.000 | 8.8 (28) | 16.4 (65) | 21.4 (24) | 14.1 (117) | 0.001 |
| Reactive syphilis serology | 2.0 (3) | 4.3 (22) | 4.3 (7) | 3.9 (32) | 0.398 | 7.5 (24) | 16.1 (64) | 20.5 (23) | 13.4 (111) | <0.001 |
| Chlamydia | 2.6 (4) | 2.0 (10) | 0.6 (1) | 1.8 (15) | 0.384 | 12.5 (40) | 7.6 (30) | 4.5 (5) | 9.1 (75) | 0.014 |
a p value based on chi-square test.
bSpasmoproxyvon (SP), the brand name for a synthetic opiate analgesic containing dextropropoxyphene, dicyclomine hydrochloride and paracetamol.
cAmong sexually active participants.
dReported that, in general, condoms are used every time with this type of partner. Analysis based on sub-sample of participants who reported having these types of partners in the preceding 12 months.
eBased on IBBA data only (Manipur n =821, Nagaland n =829), as BTS did not collect biological data.