Table 3.
Associations * (Odds Ratio, 95% confidence interval) of age and other predictors (2007–2008) with hospitalization and poor glycemic control (2009)
| Hospitalization | Poor glycemic control | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| OR(CI) | OR(CI) | OR(CI) | OR(CI) | |
| Age groups | ||||
| 40-49 | Reference | - | - | - |
| 50-59 | 1.34(0.98, 1.83) | 1.09(0.77, 1.54) | 0.74(0.63, 0.88) | 0.85(0.70, 1.05) |
| 60-69 | 1.70(1.24, 2.33) | 1.21(0.91, 1.60) | 0.57(0.48, 0.67) | 0.65(0.52, 0.80) |
| 70-79 | 1.97(1.28, 3.04) | 1.47(1.03, 2.12) | 0.45(0.37, 0.56) | 0.48(0.38, 0.60) |
| Prior hospitalization | ||||
| No | Reference | - | - | - |
| Hospitalized | 2.83(2.07, 3.85) | 2.04(1.49, 2.78) | 1.08(0.88, 1.32) | 1.16(0.93, 1.43) |
| Prior glycemic control | ||||
| Controlled | Reference | - | - | - |
| Uncontrolled (≥126 mg/dL) | 1.27(0.97, 1.64) | 1.25(0.96, 1.63) | 3.49(3.08, 3.95) | 3.33(2.94, 3.70) |
| Hypertension† | ||||
| Normal | Reference | - | - | - |
| Hypertensive | 1.32(1.07, 1.63) | 1.30(1.05, 1.60) | 1.15(1.00, 1.32) | 1.15(1.00, 1.33) |
| Total cholesterol level | ||||
| Desirable | Reference | - | - | - |
| High (≥240 mg/dL) | 1.28(0.83, 1.93) | 1.27(0.83, 1.94) | 1.24(1.03, 1.49) | 1.21(1.01, 1.46) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
| Normal(<25) | Reference | - | - | - |
| Overweight(25–29.9) | 1.31(0.80, 2.16) | 1.39 (0.83, 2.32) | 1.02(0.77, 1.34) | 1.04(0.79, 1.39) |
| Obese(≥30) | 1.39(0.83, 2.31) | 1.43(0.86, 2.38) | 1.03(0.78, 1.36) | 1.09(0.82, 1.45) |
| Duration of diabetes | ||||
| 3-5 yrs | Reference | - | - | - |
| 6-8 yrs | 1.59(1.16, 2.17) | 1.45(1.05, 2.00) | 1.24(1.06, 1.44) | 1.17(0.99, 1.37) |
| ≥9 yrs | 1.83(1.36 2.43) | 1.62(1.21, 2.18) | 1.50(1.31, 1.73) | 1.39(1.19, 1.61) |
| Number of complications | ||||
| No | Reference | - | - | - |
| 1-2 | 1.85(1.39, 2.44) | 1.43(1.04, 1.92) | 0.94(0.78, 1.14) | 0.93(0.76, 1.14) |
| ≥3 | 3.52(2.41, 5.12) | 2.27(1.49, 3.33) | 0.93(0.77, 1.13) | 0.88(0.71, 1.10) |
| Continuity of care‡ | ||||
| High | Reference | - | - | - |
| Low | 1.86(1.44, 2.38) | 1.43(1.10, 1.89) | 1.11(0.97, 1.26) | 1.06(0.93, 1.22) |
*Associations were estimated using logistic regression. Model 1was adjusted for gender and age. Model 2 was adjusted for types of main medical institution attended and level of health insurance premium as well as the covariates listed in the table.
†SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg.
‡High, if Continuity of Care Index = 1 and low otherwise.