TABLE 1.
Child Demographic, Growth, and Cardinal FASD Dysmorphology Variables in the Midwestern City by Diagnosis
| Physical variable | Wholea Sample | FAS | PFAS | ARND | Controlsb | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 512 | n = 12 | n = 23 | n = 13 | n = 168 | ||
| % OR | % OR | % OR | % OR | |||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||
| Gender, % male | 51.8 | 50.0 | 47.8 | 53.8 | 56.0 | .884 |
| Age, mo | 82.9 (5.2) | 83.5 (6.5) | 83.7 (5.3) | 84.8 (3.2) | 82.9 (5.3) | .610 |
| Height percentile | 43.3 (28.9) | 6.8 (6.0) | 30.0 (30.0) | 47.9 (33.6) | 57.1 (27.8) | <.001c |
| Weight percentile | 46.7 (29.4) | 10.2 (8.9) | 32.4 (27.4) | 44.1 (32.5) | 60.3 (27.3) | <.001c |
| OFC percentile | 47.2 (30.4) | 3.8 (3.1) | 34.8 (23.8) | 43.8 (32.7) | 65.7 (27.1) | <.001c |
| Average BMI | 15.4 (0.1) | 15.4 (0.1) | 15.4 (0.1) | 15.5 (0.1) | 15.4 (0.1) | .721 |
| BMI percentile | 51.7 (29.3) | 33.5 (28.8) | 43.1 (27.7) | 44.5 (31.8) | 60.0 (27.5) | .008d |
| PFL percentile | — | 17.8 (19.5) | 12.1 (12.1) | 31.9 (10.1) | 29.1 (16.1) | <.001e |
| Smooth philtrum, % | — | 91.7 | 91.3 | 7.7 | 11.9 | <.001 |
| Narrow vermilion border of the upper lip, % | — | 83.3 | 87.0 | 23.1 | 19.0 | <.001 |
| Total dysmorphology score | — | 16.7 (2.4) | 12.4 (3.5) | 6.0 (2.9) | 4.2 (2.9) | <.001f |
PFL, palpebral fissure length; —, data not collected for the whole sample on these variables.
Statistical tests compare only individual diagnostic groups and controls and not the whole sample values.
Two controls were reported as alcohol-exposed prenatally.
Post hoc analysis indicates significant difference between FAS and PFAS, FAS and ANRD, FAS and controls, and PFAS and controls.
Post hoc analysis indicates significant difference between FAS and PFAS.
Post hoc analysis indicates significant difference between FAS and PFAS, PFAS and ARND, and PFAS and controls.
Post hoc analysis indicates significant difference between FAS and PFAS, FAS and ARND, FAS and controls, PFAS and ARND, and PFAS and controls.