Table 1.
Incubation period and clinical manifestations of ciguatera (incidence, %).
| Choi et al. [11] a | Au [16] a | Chan et al. [21] b | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1988–1992 (n = 397) | 1993–2005 (n = 300) | 2003–2006 (n = 18) c | |
| Incubation period (range, median) | 1–30 h (7.5 h) | 0.25–43 h (5.5 h) | 1–7 h |
| Gastrointestinal | |||
| Nausea | 29 | 40 | 61 |
| Vomiting | 22 | 31 | 78 |
| Abdominal pain | 47 | 59 | 56 |
| Diarrhea | 58 | 74 | 94 |
| Neurological | |||
| Paresthesia/numbness (4 limbs) | 78 | 79 | 67 |
| Paresthesia/numbness (perioral/tongue/face) | 30 | 54 | 50 |
| Muscle weakness | 44 | 54 | 50 |
| Myalgia | 24 | - e | 22 |
| Headache | 19 | 19 | 0 |
| Hot/cold reversal | 16 | 19 | 6 |
| Dizziness d | - e | 37 | 61 |
| Cardiovascular | |||
| Bradycardia | 0.3 | - e | 94 |
| Hypotension | 0.3 | - e | 94 |
| General | |||
| Fatigue | 59 | - e | 6 |
| Pruritus | 11 | - e | 6 |
| Skin rash | 2 | - e | 0 |
a Phone interview; b hospital notes reviews and a questionnaires used to collect data might affect the rates; c Ataxia (n = 3); d Dizziness could be due to bradycardia and hypotension; e Symptoms/signs not listed.