Table 3.
Comparison of food group intake distributions between Non-Supplement Users and Supplement Users (NSU/SU) and between SU subgroups (NSU/SU+CLO/SU-CLO) in the EPIC-Norfolk study.
| Food groups | NSU Median | IQR | SU Median | IQR | SU+CLO Median | IQR | SU-CLO Median | IQR |
p-value a NSU vs. SU |
p-value b NSU vs. SU+CLO vs. SU-CLO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEN (n) | 6994 | 3252 | 2215 | 1037 | ||||||
| Fruit (g/day) | 127 | 60–212 | 161 | 86–253 | 161 | 89–257 | 158 | 79–244 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Vegetables (g/day) | 139 | 99–188 | 145 | 106–198 | 146 | 108–197 | 145 | 102–202 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Meat | ||||||||||
| Red (g/day) | 38 | 20–59 | 33 | 16–54 | *34 | 16–55 | 31 | 14–52 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| White (g/day) | 22 | 7–40 | 22 | 7–40 | 22 | 8–40 | 21 | 6–40 | n.s. | n.s. |
| Processed (g/day) | 25 | 13–40 | 22 | 11–37 | *23 | 12–38 | 21 | 9–35 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Fish | ||||||||||
| White(g/day) | 16 | 0–25 | 16 | 0–27 | 16 | 0–27 | 15 | 0–27 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.01 |
| Fatty (g/day) | 1 | 0–19 | 8 | 0–24 | 7 | 0–24 | 8 | 0–24 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Alcoholic beverages (units/diary) | 8.1 | 1.2–21.0 | 8.2 | 1.2–21.1 | 8.1 | 1.3–20.9 | 8.4 | 0.9–21.8 | n.s. | n.s. |
| Alcohol consumers only (units/diary) c | 13.0 | 5.3–25.5 | 13.0 | 5.4–25.5 | 12.8 | 5.1–25.1 | 13.9 | 6.0–26.8 | n.s. | n.s. |
| WOMEN (n) | 7056 | 5736 | 3389 | 2347 | ||||||
| Fruit (g/day) | 151 | 83–238 | 180 | 107–267 | *183 | 110–269 | 174 | 104–263 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Vegetables (g/day) | 136 | 97–183 | 145 | 107–194 | 145 | 108–192 | 146 | 105–197 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Meat | ||||||||||
| Red (g/day) | 27 | 12–45 | 24 | 9–41 | *25 | 10–42 | 23 | 7–40 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| White (g/day) | 18 | 5–34 | 19 | 6–35 | 19 | 5–36 | 19 | 6–35 | p < 0.05 | n.s. |
| Processed (g/day) | 16 | 7–27 | 14 | 6–25 | *15 | 6–25 | 14 | 4–24 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Fish | ||||||||||
| White (g/day) | 12 | 0–21 | 12 | 0–22 | *13 | 0–23 | 11 | 0–21 | n.s. | p < 0.001 |
| Fatty (g/day) | 3 | 0–16 | 6 | 0–20 | 6 | 0–21 | 6 | 0–19 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Alcoholic beverages (units/diary) | 2.1 | 0.0–9.2 | 3.3 | 0–10.3 | *3.1 | 0.0–9.8 | 3.9 | 0.0–11.2 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Alcohol consumers only (units/diary) d | 6.9 | 3.0–14.6 | 7.3 | 3.3–14.7 | *7.0 | 3.2–14.1 | 7.7 | 3.5–15.2 | n.s. | p < 0.05 |
NSU, Non-supplement User; SU, Supplement User; CLO, cod liver oil; IQR, Inter Quartile Range. a Differences between groups tested using Mann-Whitney U test; b Differences between groups tested using Kruskal-Wallis test and if significant, followed by Mann-Whitney U test to test for differences in SU subgroups. p-values < 0.025 were considered significant (Bonferroni correction applied: 0.05/2, marked with an * in the SU+CLO column); c Men: NSU n = 5411 (77%), SU+CLO n = 1748 (79%), SU-CLO n = 799 (77%); d Women: NSU n = 4352 (62%) , SU+CLO n = 2233 (66%), SU-CLO n = 1611 (69%); * p-value < 0.025 (see also footnote b).