Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants (n = 414).
| Variables | Categories | n (%) or mean ± SD | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 86 (20.8) | |
| Female | 328 (79.2) | ||
| Age (years) | <65 | 154 (37.2) | |
| ≥65 | 260 (62.8) | ||
| Presence of diabetes mellitus | Yes | 34 (8.2) | |
| Presence of hypertension | Yes | 101 (24.4) | |
| Presence of heart disease | Yes | 30 (7.2) | |
| Presence of dyslipidemia | Yes | 64 (15.5) | |
| Smoking | Never | 366 (88.4) | |
| Former | 35 (8.5) | ||
| Current | 13 (3.1) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | Never | 278 (67.1) | |
| Former | 15 (3.6) | ||
| Current | 121 (29.2) | ||
| Vegetable consumption | <2 times/month | 3 (0.7) | |
| 1–2 times/week | 34 (8.2) | ||
| 3–4 times/week | 105 (25.4) | ||
| every day | 272 (65.7) | ||
| Fruit consumption | <2 times/month | 19 (4.6) | |
| 1–2 times/week | 78 (18.8) | ||
| 3–4 times/week | 92 (22.2) | ||
| every day | 225 (54.3) | ||
| Green tea consumption | <1 cup/day | 130 (31.4) | |
| 1–3 cups/day | 164 (39.6) | ||
| ≥4 cups/day | 120 (29.0) | ||
| Coffee consumption | <1 cup/day | 170 (41.1) | |
| 1–3 cups/day | 208 (50.2) | ||
| ≥4 cups/day | 36 (8.7) | ||
| Exercise habits | <120 min/week | 197 (47.6) | |
| ≥120 min/week | 217 (52.4) | ||
| BMI | <18.5 | 49 (11.8) | |
| 18.5 to 22.9 | 215 (51.9) | ||
| ≥23.0 | 150 (36.2) | ||
| Number of teeth present | 23.4 ± 5.3 | ||
| PPD (mm) | 1.97 ± 0.4 | ||
| CAL (mm) | 2.58 ± 0.9 | ||
| BOP (%) | ≥20 | 58 (14.0) | |
| PCR (%) | ≥20 | 170 (41.1) | |
| Severity of periodontitis | No | 109 (26.3) | |
| Mild | 12 (2.9) | ||
| Moderate | 204 (49.3) | ||
| Severe | 89 (21.5) | ||
n, number; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; PPD, probing pocket depth; CAL, clinical attachment level; BOP, bleeding on probing; PCR, plaque control record.