Table 1.
Demographic and health characteristics of the study sample, by program participation level.
| Demographic/characteristic | Total samplea
(n=16,493) |
Subsample of non-participantsa
(n=452) |
PAMb only: Low incentive participation (n=7099) |
Completed 8 topics: High incentive (n=2693) |
Went beyond incentive requirements (n=6249) |
P value | |
| Weighted percent of population | - | 14,609 (88.58%) | 870 (5.27%) | 305 (1.85%) | 709 (4.30%) |
|
|
| Gender, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
Male | 8881 (53.85) | 8048 (55.09) | 366 (42.06) | 153 (50.16) | 314 (44.29)c | <.001 |
|
|
Female | 7612 (46.15) | 6561 (44.91) | 504 (57.93) | 152 (49.84) | 395 (55.71)c | |
| Age, mean (SD) |
|
41.3 (13.4) | 41.2 (13.5) | 42.8 (12.2) | 39.2 (11.8) | 41.9 (11.6)c | <.001 |
| Income of zip code, mean (SD) | 23,967.34 (7131.31) | 23,947.40 (7164.20) | 24,318.16 (6899.29) | 24,137.45 (7199.90) | 23,874.46 (6846.15) | .48 | |
| PAM score, mean (SD) |
|
N/A | N/A | 70.3 (15.3) | 70.5 (15.0) | 71.7 (15.3)c | <.001 |
| Health Risk Score, mean (SD) | 2.0 (1.3) | 1.9 (1.3) | 2.1 (1.2) | 2.1 (1.2) | 2.2 (1.1)c | <.001 | |
| Chronic conditions, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
Depression | 2156 (13.07) | 1939 (13.27) | 103 (11.84) | 30 (9.84) | 83 (11.71) | .24 |
|
|
Diabetes | 519 (3.15) | 485 (3.32) | 15 (1.72) | 5 (1.64) | 14 (1.97)a | .02 |
|
|
Hypertension | 2307 (13.99) | 2101 (14.38) | 93 (10.69) | 28 (9.18) | 85 (11.99)a | .02 |
aSince we examined a random sample of people who never participated in online coaching, the descriptive statistics are weighted using the inverse probability of selection for the no coaching group, and the standard errors are weighted accordingly. The numbers presented in the table for percentages reflect the weighted numbers.
bPAM: patient activation measure
cChi-square statistical tests were used for categorical demographic and health variables (gender and having specific chronic conditions), while ANOVAs were used for continuous variables (age, mean income of zip code, health risk score).