Table 2.
Sample characteristics of overall sample (n = 365) and caries increment sub-sample (n = 193).
| Variables | All N (%) or M (SD) | Caries Increment N (%) or M (SD) |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental risk factors | ||
| Drinking water in household | ||
| Bottled | 129 (35.3) | 62 (48.1) |
| Pipe | 90 (24.7) | 41 (45.6) |
| Rain | 24 (6.6) | 14 (58.3) |
| Well or other | 122 (33.4) | 76 (62.3) |
| Weight at birth | ||
| ≥2500 g | 322 (91.2) | 169 (52.5) |
| <2500 g | 31 (8.8) | 18 (58.1) |
| Height in cms at 6 months (M, SD) | 64.8 (2.5) | 64.8 (2.3) |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) score at 3 years (M, SD) | 21.1 (3.0) | 20.9 (3.3) |
| Smoking during pregnancy | 2 (0.6) | 1 (50.0) |
| Secondary smoke (at 1 year) | 96 (26.3) | 58 (60.4) |
| Mother with dental cavitation(s) at baseline | 192 (64.0) | 100 (52.1) |
| Sociocultural risk factors | ||
| Mother’s age at child’s birth (in years) | ||
| 14–19 | 40 (11.0) | 22 (55.0) |
| 20–24 | 76 (20.9) | 50 (65.8) |
| 25–48 | 248 (68.1) | 120 (48.4) |
| Mother’s schooling at child’s birth | ||
| None | 56 (15.4) | 24 (42.9) |
| Primary | 98 (27.0) | 56 (57.1) |
| High school | 96 (26.4) | 59 (61.5) |
| Post-high school | 113 (31.1) | 52 (46.0) |
| Household income (in Thai Bhat) | ||
| 0–49,999 | 123 (33.9) | 69 (56.1) |
| 50,000–99,999 | 60 (16.5) | 43 (71.7) |
| 100,000–199,999 | 84 (23.1) | 42 (50.0) |
| 200,000 plus | 96 (26.4) | 37 (38.5) |
| Religious affiliation | ||
| Muslim and other | 50 (13.8) | 23 (46.0) |
| Buddhist | 313 (86.2) | 169 (54.0) |
| Single parent | 127 (34.8) | 66 (52.0) |
| Family size | ||
| 2–4 | 140 (38.4) | 77 (55.0) |
| 5–6 | 137 (37.5) | 73 (53.3) |
| 7 or more | 88 (24.1) | 43 (48.9) |
| Sex of child | ||
| Female | 198 (54.2) | 99 (50.0) |
| Male | 167 (45.8) | 94 (56.3) |
| First child in family | ||
| No | 210 (66.9) | 110 (52.4) |
| Yes | 104 (33.1) | 56 (53.8) |
Notes: M = Mean; SD = Standard Deviation.