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. 2014 Oct 14;16(10):e232. doi: 10.2196/jmir.3513

Table 4.

Summary of means, standard deviations, correlations for pre- and posttreatment results, F values, P value, and Cohen’s d and its 95% CI for treatment outcome measures.

Treatment outcome measures Pretreatment, mean (SD) Posttreatment, mean (SD) F (df) P r Cohen’s d (95% CI)
GAD (n=134)






GAD severity 3.28 (1.54) 2.00 (1.67) 85.35 (1,133) .001 .50 0.80 (0.54, 1.08)

MDE severity 2.07 (2.07) 1.23 (1.89) 28.36 (1,133) .001 .57 0.42 (0.07, 0.74)

Kessler-6 16.59 (4.57) 13.62 (4.30) 99.89 (1,133) .001 .70 0.67 (–0.10, 1.40)

# of disorders 4.31 (1.98) 3.46 (2.18) 34.40 (1,133) .001 .68 0.41 (0.07, 0.78)

Self-confidence 3.07 (0.88) 3.63 (0.82) 49.40 (1,133) .001 .41 –0.66 (–0.81, –0.52)

Quality of life 3.43 (0.82) 3.66 (0.82) 10.86 (1,133) .001 .51 –0.28 (–0.42, –0.14)
SAD (n=81)






SAD severity 3.12 (1.63) 1.95 (1.87) 37.17 (1,80) .001 .52 0.67 (0.31, 1.08)

MDE severity 1.60 (1.99) 1.46 (2.17) 0.29 (1,80) .59 .37 0.07 (–0.37, 0.54)

Kessler-6 15.59 (4.97) 13.72 (4.86) 12.34 (1,80) .001 .52 0.38 (–0.70, 1.44)

# of disorders 4.46 (2.16) 3.60 (2.15) 17.53 (1,80) .001 .64 0.40 (–0.07, 0.87)

Self-confidence 3.02 (0.88) 3.47 (0.92) 12.55 (1,80) .001 .22 –0.50 (-0.69, –0.30)

Quality of life 3.32 (0.91) 3.54 (0.90) 5.71 (1,80) .02 .57 –0.24 (–0.44, –0.05)
OCD (n=36)






OCD severity 2.81 (1.87) 1.97 (2.37) 5.25 (1,35) .03 .48 0.40 (–0.21, 1.17)

MDE severity 1.76 (2.41) 1.04 (1.95) 6.50 (1,35) .02 .72 0.33 (–0.46, 0.97)

Kessler-6 14.42 (5.60) 13.28 (5.62) 2.67 (1,35) .11 .72 0.20 (–1.63, 2.04)

# of disorders 4.33 (2.15) 3.03 (2.25) 15.16 (1,35) .001 .58 0.59 (–0.11, 1.33)

Self-confidence 3.25 (0.91) 3.81 (0.82) 12.59 (1,35) .001 .41 –0.65 (–0.94, –0.38)

Quality of life 3.58 (0.87) 3.75 (1.03) 2.69 (1,35) .11 .81 –0.18 (-0.46, –0.16)
PD/A (n=55)






PD/A severity 3.19 (1.87) 1.51 (2.14) 35.41 (1,54) .001 .46 0.84 (0.34, 1.40)

MDE severity 1.75 (2.05) 1.15 (2.01) 7.41 (1,54) .009 .67 0.30 (–0.25, 0.83)

Kessler-6 14.89 (4.69) 12.51 (4.69) 22.86 (1,54) .001 .69 0.51 (–0.73, 1.75)

# of disorders 4.62 (2.16) 3.44 (2.52) 14.91 (1,54) .001 .54 0.50 (–0.07, 1.17)

Self-confidence 3.05 (1.03) 3.55 (0.90) 18.01 (1,54) .001 .61 –0.52 (–0.79, –0.28)

Quality of life 3.56 (1.15) 3.67 (0.94) 1.29 (1,54) .26 .79 –0.11 (–0.41, 0.14)
PTSD (n=41)






PTSD severity 3.01 (1.74) 2.09 (1.99) 7.21 (1,40) .01 .32 0.50 (–0.04, 1.10)

MDE severity 2.42 (2.16) 1.65 (2.10) 5.64 (1,40) .02 .53 0.36 (–0.30, 1.00)

Kessler-6 17.51 (4.93) 14.73 (5.23) 9.19 (1,40) .004 .33 0.55 (–0.96, 2.15)

# of disorders 5.39 (2.97) 4.32 (3.07) 8.63 (1,40) .005 .70 0.35 (–0.55, 1.29)

Self-confidence 3.12 (0.95) 3.76 (0.89) 22.35 (1,40) .001 .57 –0.70 (–0.99, –0.42)

Quality of life 3.10 (0.83) 3.49 (0.90) 15.85 (1,40) .001 .74 –0.45 (–0.70, –0.18)