Table 3.
Demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory variables in subgroups with different serum 25(OH) vitamin D cut-off values.
| Variable | Severely deficient (<25 nmol/L) Group A |
Deficient (25–50 nmol/L) Group B |
Insufficient (50–75 nmol/L) Group C |
P value∗ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (males) | 132 (28) | 125 (40) | 38 (11) | |
| Age (years) | 46.4 ± 8.0 | 49.8 ± 7.7 | 52 ± 5.5a | 0.00 |
| Weight (kg) | 95.4 ± 17.7 | 94.7 ± 17.1 | 88.4 ± 13.0a | 0.03 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 37.8 ± 6.1 | 36.8 ± 6.4 | 34.9 ± 4.5a | 0.03 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 113 ± 13 | 111 ± 12 | 108 ± 9 | 0.09 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 44.9 ± 11.9 | 42.4 ± 10.7 | 39.9 ± 9.3a | 0.03 |
| 25(OH) vitamin D (nmol/L) | 17.5 ± 4.8 | 36.2 ± 6.8a | 59.9 ± 7.3ab | 0.00 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.29 ± 0.12 | 2.32 ± 0.09 | 2.34 ± 0.10a | 0.02 |
| Phosphorus (mmol/L) | 1.09 ± 0.17 | 1.13 ± 0.17 | 1.14 ± 0.15 | 0.18 |
| Parathyroid hormone (pmol/L) | 6.6 ± 4.3 | 5.4 ± 3.3 | 4.5 ± 2.1a | 0.01 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L) | 89.4 ± 24.1 | 81.8 ± 21.1a | 79.4 ± 20.3a | 0.01 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 10.6 ± 4.2 | 10.0 ± 3.7 | 11.1 ± 4.3 | 0.28 |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.2 ± 2.1 | 8.7 ± 1.9a | 9.7 ± 2.2 | 0.02 |
| C-peptide (nmol/L) | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 0.20 |
| Hs-C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 10.7 ± 10.3 | 8.8 ± 8.6 | 6.8 ± 5.3 | 0.04 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.16 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.4 ± 0.7a | 0.00 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.8 ± 1.1 | 4.6 ± 1.0 | 4.1 ± 0.9a | 0.00 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.9 ± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 0.6a | 1.5 ± 0.6a | 0.00 |
| Apolipoprotein B | 0.94 ± 0.3 | 0.86 ± 0.2 | 0.80 ± 0.2 | 0.01 |
Data are presented as the mean ± SD. *P value for differences between groups according to ANOVA. aSignificance compared to group A. bSignificance compared to group B.