Table 3.

Lifetime substance use disorders among native-born Americans and second-generation immigrants to the United States

Lifetime DSM diagnosis of substance abuse/dependence	Native-born Americans (n = 13,077; 86.21%)		First-generation immigrants (n = 2,515; 13.79%)		Unadjusted		Adjusted
	%	[95% CI]	%	[95% CI]	OR	[95% CI]	AOR	[95% CI]
Alcohol
No	54.10	[53.5, 54.7]	64.14	[63.3, 64.9]	1.00		1.00
Yes	45.90	[45.3, 46.5]	35.86	[35.0, 36.7]	0.66	[0.63, 0.69]	0.65	[0.62, 0.68]
Cannabis
No	83.83	[83.4, 84.2]	86.46	[85.8, 87.1]	1.00		1.00
Yes	16.17	[15.8, 16.6]	13.54	[12.9, 14.2]	0.81	[0.76, 0.86]	0.82	[0.76, 0.87]
Cocaine
No	94.75	[94.5, 95.0]	94.52	[94.0, 95.0]	1.00		1.00
Yes	5.25	[5.0, 5.5]	5.48	[5.0, 6.0]	1.04	[0.94, 1.16]	1.09	[0.96, 1.23]
Stimulants
No	96.64	[96.4, 96.8]	97.17	[96.8, 97.5]	1.00		1.00
Yes	3.36	[3.1, 3.6]	2.82	[2.5, 3.2]	0.84	[0.72, 0.97]	0.92	[0.77, 1.11]
Sedatives
No	98.01	[97.8, 98.2]	98.60	[98.3, 98.9]	1.00		1.00
Yes	1.99	[1.8, 2.1]	1.40	[1.1, 1.7]	0.70	[0.57, 0.86]	0.74	[0.58, 0.94]
Tranquilizers
No	97.90	[97.7, 98.1]	98.53	[98.1, 98.8]	1.00		1.00
Yes	2.10	[1.9, 2.3]	1.47	[1.1, 1.9]	0.69	[0.54, 0.89]	0.80	[0.61, 1.05]
Opioids
No	96.69	[96.4, 96.9]	97.45	[97.1, 97.7]	1.00		1.00
Yes	3.31	[3.1, 3.6]	2.55	[2.2, 2.9]	0.76	[0.66, 0.89]	0.81	[0.68, 0.96]

Notes: Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, household income, education level, marital status, region of the United States, urbanicity, parental antisocial influence, parental substance use problems, and lifetime diagnoses of clinical and personality disorders. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) in bold are statistically significant. DSM-IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition.