Table 4.

Unusual elements of recovery: response distribution by time in recovery, current substance use status, substance of choice, and 12-step meeting exposure

Variable	Recovery is…
	Religious in nature				Physical and mental in nature				No use of tobacco				Non-problematic alcohol or drug use
	Def.	Somewhat	May	Does not	Def.	Somewhat	May	Does not	Def.	Somewhat	May	Does not	Def.	Somewhat	May	Does not
Time in recovery
< 1 year	16	13	39	32	23	19	30	29	21	12	30	37	24	10	17	48
2–5 years	11	14	41	34	16	18	35	32	15	13	33	39	19	9	17	55
>5 years	7	12	40	40	10	13	38	39	20	15	30	35	18	6	17	60
Current substance use
Abstinent	9	13	40	38	11	13	37	38	18	14	31	36	15	5	17	63
Moderated use	13	14	40	33	25	26	28	21	19	12	32	37	38	20	15	27
Substance of choice
Alcohol	8	13	41	37	13	15	37	35	19	14	31	36	17	7	17	60
Drugs	12	13	39	36	15	16	34	36	17	15	31	37	22	9	17	53
None	10	10	36	44	15	15	35	35	22	17	31	30	21	7	19	53
12-Step meetings
0-90 meetings	15	15	40	31	28	25	28	19	33	13	30	33	30	14	18	37
91-500+meetings	8	12	40	40	9	12	39	41	17	14	32	38	15	5	17	64
Treatment exposure
Yes	10	13	40	37	13	14	36	37	17	14	31	38	18	6	17	59
No	9	12	42	37	16	17	36	30	24	14	31	32	20	10	18	52
Natural recovery
Yes	17	11	36	36	34	29	24	14	30	10	30	30	32	20	17	31
No	9	13	40	37	13	15	36	36	18	14	31	37	18	7	17	58

Notes: Def. = Definitely belongs in my definition; somewhat = somewhat belongs in my definition; may = may belong in others’ definition; does not = does not belong in recovery definition. Shaded items indicate significance of overall chi-squares for sample grouping (p < .001).