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. 2014 Oct 28;5:414. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00414

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Copyright © 2014 Hanson, Child, Van Duijvenboden, Orini, Chen, Coronel, Rinaldi, Gill, Gill and Taggart.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Example measurements from one subject showing oscillatory behavior of ARI at the Mayer frequency. The upper panels (Ai,Bi) show the time series of ARI and blood pressure, respectively. Blood pressure shows prominent oscillation with a 10-s period; ARI shows oscillation at this rate as well as variation at higher frequencies. The corresponding time-frequency spectra, (Aii,Bii), show high-intensity bands highlighting the presence of waves at a Mayer wave frequency (0.1 Hz). The cross time-frequency spectrum (C) demonstrates that the ARI and blood pressure are correlated at the Mayer frequency and not at other frequencies of oscillation. The results of coherence analysis in the lower panel (D) show the coherence at the respiratory frequency is significant at p < 0.001, indicating that both signals are coupled at this frequency over most of the recording.