Table 1.

Descriptive data of participants’ demographic and exercise characteristics (means ± SD).

Measures	Group
	YA	OEE	OTC	OSL
Sample size	16	16	16	16
Gender (F/M)	6/10	10/6	8/8	8/8
Age (yrs)	22.43 ± 2.58a	68.37 ± 3.68	67.31 ± 4.92	68.93 ± 4.28
Education (yrs)	15.75 ± 1.43a	10.25 ± 3.10	11.68 ± 3.94	11.31 ± 3.92
Height (cm)	167.37 ± 6.91a	159.87 ± 8.09	159.75 ± 7.40	156.56 ± 5.95
Weight (kg)	60.06 ± 11.82	55.93 ± 8.11	59.78.8.82	56.12 ± 7.24
BMI (kg.m-2)	21.59 ± 3.56	21.80 ± 1.88	23.33 ± 2.37	22.85 ± 2.23
MMSE	29.87 ± 0.34a	28.37 ± 1.08	27.68 ± 1.25	28.25 ± 0.25
Exercise years	6.50 ± 4.69b	5.62 ± 5.48b	13.56 ± 8.61a	1.03 ± 2.03
Frequency/week	3.31 ± 1.19b	4.00 ± 1.03b	6.06 ± 1.23a	1.01 ± 1.41
Duration (session/min)	86.25 ± 24.18a	60.00 ± 17.32b	78.75 ± 15.00a	15.00 ± 21.21
IPAQ
Light	67.03 ± 179.58	1411.31 ± 703.94a	597.09 ± 151.28b	710.31 ± 313.20b
Moderate	1380.00 ± 1117.13a	397.81 ± 403.03	1910.00 ± 804.85a	60.00 ± 210.14
Vigorous	600.00 ± 919.13a	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00
Total	2047.03 ± 1743.21	1820.38 ± 524.81	2507.09 ± 1490.31	770.31 ± 397.40a

YA, young adult; OEE, older endurance exercise; OTC, older Tai Chi Chuan; OSL, older sedentary lifestyle; BMI, body mass index; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Exam; IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (metabolic equivalents/week); duration, duration of specific exercise (i.e., endurance exercise or Tai Chi Chuan).

^a,bRepresent the significant difference, p < 0.01.