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. 2014 Nov 7;281(1794):20141139. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1139

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© 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

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Figure 1. — TMS of the motor cortex during a Kohnstamm lift and voluntary arm lift. (a) The Kohnstamm was induced by pushing against a wall and then stepping away to relax the deltoid muscle. (b) Kinematic and EMG traces of the Kohnstamm lift. The surface EMG electrodes were placed on the deltoid muscle. (c,d) TMS of the motor cortex during (c) voluntary and (d) Kohnstamm lift results in a prolonged silent period, suggesting a cortical origin (representative volunteer's data; six traces are superimposed. (e) Mean silent period. (f) The muscular contractions made a full recovery after the silent period. Pre and post measures based on 100 ms bins 10 ms before and 200 ms after TMS.