Chronogram with estimates of divergence times for internal nodes. Bars correspond to 95% credibility intervals. Fossil constraints were set on nodes A–E: node A, 231 Ma (Leptochiton davolii [66]); node B, 505 Ma (Plectronoceras cambria [67]); node C, 475 Ma (Glyptarca serrata, Arenigian [68]); node D, 530 Ma (Fordilla troyensis from the Tommotian of Siberia [69–71]); node E, 418 Ma (Sublitoidea [72]). We used 550 Ma (ca Terreneuvian; see [41]) to set a prior density on the root age using a maximum soft bound with 2.5% tail probability. Geological periods abbreviated on top: Pro., Proterozoic; Cam., Cambrian; Ord., Ordovician; Si., Silurian; Dev., Devonian; Car., Carboniferous; Per., Permian; Tri., Triassic; Jur., Jurassic; Cre., Cretaceous; Cen., Cenozoic.