Table.
Summary of Available Data and Hazard Ratios for Cardiovascular Disease With Measured Baseline Levels of Risk Factors
| Studies With Information on Apolipoproteins (26 Studies, 139 581 Participants, 12 234 CVD Cases)
|
Studies With Information on Lipoprotein(a) (24 Studies, 133 502 Participants, 12 639 CVD Cases)
|
Studies With Information on Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A
2 (11 Studies, 32075 Participants, 6150 CVD Cases) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) or No. (No. of CVD Cases) | Hazard Ratioa (95% CI) | Mean (SD) or No. (No. of CVD Cases) | Hazard Ratioa (95% CI) | Mean (SD) or No. (No. of CVD Cases) | Hazard Ratioa (95% CI) | |
| Conventional risk factors | ||||||
| Age at survey, y | 56.42 (8.41) | 1.87 (1.73–2.02) | 56.86 (8.38) | 1.81 (1.69–1.93) | 63.78 (7.52) | 1.62 (1.43–1.83) |
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| Sex | ||||||
| Men | 68 520 (7734) | NAb | 64 402 (7910) | NAb | 15 814 (3583) | NAb |
|
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| Women | 71 061 (4500) | NAb | 69 100 (4729) | NAb | 16 261 (2567) | NAb |
|
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| Current smoking | ||||||
| No | 102 261 (7137) | 1.0 [Reference] | 97 949 (7483) | 1.0 [Reference] | 21 972 (3677) | 1.0 [Reference] |
|
| ||||||
| Yes | 37 320 (5097) | 1.79 (1.66–1.94) | 35 553 (5156) | 1.87 (1.73–2.02) | 10 103 (2473) | 1.63 (1.38–1.91) |
|
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| History of diabetes | ||||||
| No | 131 610 (10 722) | 1.0 [Reference] | 126 328 (11 103) | 1.0 [Reference] | 29 904 (5534) | 1.0 [Reference] |
|
| ||||||
| Yes | 7971 (1512) | 2.04 (1.76–2.35) | 7174 (1536) | 2.05 (1.77–2.38) | 2171 (616) | 1.76 (1.57–1.98) |
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| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 135.19 (18.38) | 1.31 (1.26–1.37) | 134.17 (18.15) | 1.34 (1.29–1.38) | 138.88 (21.04) | 1.29 (1.24–1.35) |
|
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| Traditional lipids, mg/dL | ||||||
| Total cholesterol | 226 (42.5) | 1.22 (1.17–1.27) | 229 (42.1) | 1.19 (1.15–1.24) | 225 (41.7) | 1.13 (1.05–1.22) |
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| HDL-C | 51.4 (14.7) | 0.83 (0.78–0.87) | 50.6 (14.7) | 0.82 (0.77–0.88) | 52.5 (12.7) | 0.85 (0.77–0.94) |
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| Triglyceridec | 115 (80–168)d | 1.19 (1.15–1.23) | 115 (80–168)d | 1.18 (1.14–1.22) | 97 (80–142)d | 1.11 (1.05–1.16) |
|
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| Lipid-related markers | ||||||
| Non–HDL-C, mg/dL | 175 (43.6) | 1.27 (1.22–1.33) | 178 (43.2) | 1.25 (1.19–1.31) | 173 (42.9) | 1.18 (1.10–1.27) |
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| Total-C:HDL-C ratioc | 4.4 (3.5–5.4)d | 1.32 (1.24–1.39) | 4.4 (3.5–5.5)d | 1.31 (1.23–1.39) | 4.4 (3.6–5.4)d | 1.20 (1.09–1.32) |
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| Apolipoprotein B, mg/dL | 110 (29) | 1.24 (1.19–1.29) | ||||
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| Apolipoprotein A-I, mg/dL | 146 (32) | 0.87 (0.84–0.90) | ||||
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| Apolipoprotein B:A-I ratioc | 0.7 (0.6–0.9)d | 1.30 (1.24–1.36) | ||||
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| Lipoprotein(a), mg/dLc | 10.9 (4.4–28.0)d | 1.13 (1.09–1.18) | ||||
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| Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 | ||||||
| Activity | NAe | 1.12 (1.04–1.20) | ||||
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| Mass | NAe | 1.15 (1.09–1.21) | ||||
Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NA, not applicable.
SI conversion factors: To convert total cholesterol and HDL-C from mg/dL to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259; triglycerides from mg/dL to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0113; lipoprotein(a) from mg/dL to mmol/L, multiply by 0.357; and apolipoprotein B and A-I from mg/dL to g/L, multiply by 0.01.
Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) per 1 SD higher age, systolic blood pressure, measured biomarker level or compared to relevant reference category. Hazard ratios were adjusted for age, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, and history of diabetes, where appropriate.
Models were stratified by sex.
Variables were loge transformed.
Median and interquartile range.
Concentrations of lipoptotein–associated phospholipase A2 were standardized to a mean (SD) of 0 (1) within each study due to different assays yielding different absolute levels.