Table 7.
Risk factors for fungal infections of the colon
| Fungal infections | Immunocompetent | Immunocompromised | Risk factors | Male | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paracoccidioidomycosis45–50 | 100% | 0% | – | 29% | |
| Histoplasmosis20,21 | 81% | 19% | Malignancy, immunosuppressive drugs, AIDS, Job’s syndrome, DM, splenectomy | 76%–86.5% | |
| Candidiasis13 | 0% | 100% | Malignancy, immunosuppressive agents, neutropenia, AIDS, ESRD | 43% | |
| Cryptococcosis26–35 | 23% | 77% | AIDS, immunosuppressive agents, hematologic malignancy, splenectomy, Job’s syndrome, cirrhosis | 64% | |
| Aspergillosis9,39–44 | 0% | 100% | Malignancy, chemotherapy, neutropenia, Immunosuppressive agents, DM, burn | 33% | |
| Penicilliosis36–38 | 0% | 100% | AIDS (75%), immunosuppressive agents | 100% | |
| Zygomycosis22,24 | 33% | 67% | Immunosuppressive agents, malnutrition, renal failure, DM, hematologic malignancy | 65% | |
| Pneumocystosis51 | 0% | 100% | AIDS | 100% | Only one case |
| Scedosporiosis52 | 0% | 100% | Post-liver transplantation, immunosuppressive agents | 100% | Only one case |
Abbreviations: AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; DM, diabetes mellitus; ESRD, end-stage renal disease.