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. 2014 Oct 23;8:2075–2088. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S68872

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© 2014 Wang et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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CDDO-Me activates Nrf2 and upregulates the antioxidant response while suppressing NF-κB and diminishing proinflammatory signaling.

Abbreviations: CDDO-Me, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid methyl ester; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; Keap1, Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology-associated protein 1; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; sMAF, small Maf protein; ARE, antioxidant response element; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; NQO1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1; γ-GCL, γ-glutamylcysteine ligase; IKKβ, IκB kinase; IκBα, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha; COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2; iNOS, as inducible nitric oxide synthase; Bcl-xl, B-cell lymphoma extra-large; cIAPs, cellular inhibitors of apoptosis protein.