Table 2.
Bias | Cond. | Conv. | b | c | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
m(θb) − b | sd(θb) | m(se(θb)) | m(θc) − c | sd(θc) | m(se(θc)) | ||||
CONTINUOUS LATENT VIOLATOR | |||||||||
ρ(T,V) = 0.0 | No bias | 1 | 0.95 | 0.010 | 0.066 | 0.001 | −0.005 | 0.073 | 0.001 |
Uniform | 2 | 0.59 | 0.009 | 0.062 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.078 | 0.001 | |
Nonuniform | 3 | 0.93 | 0.007 | 0.065 | 0.001 | 0.035 | 0.079 | 0.001 | |
Both | 4 | 0.65 | 0.024 | 0.065 | 0.001 | 0.031 | 0.087 | 0.001 | |
ρ(T,V) = 0.5 | No bias | 5 | 0.97 | −0.011 | 0.081 | 0.001 | −0.004 | 0.059 | 0.001 |
Uniform | 6 | 0.93 | 0.005 | 0.082 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.059 | 0.001 | |
Nonuniform | 7 | 0.96 | −0.014 | 0.083 | 0.001 | 0.021 | 0.072 | 0.001 | |
Both | 8 | 0.92 | 0.002 | 0.083 | 0.001 | 0.022 | 0.070 | 0.001 | |
CONTINUOUS OBSERVED VIOLATOR | |||||||||
ρ(T,V) = 0.0 | No bias | 9 | 1.00 | 0.006 | 0.054 | 0.001 | −0.002 | 0.054 | 0.001 |
Uniform | 10 | 0.91 | −0.003 | 0.047 | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.057 | 0.001 | |
Nonuniform | 11 | 0.92 | 0.000 | 0.056 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.057 | 0.001 | |
Both | 12 | 0.92 | −0.008 | 0.059 | 0.001 | 0.015 | 0.051 | 0.001 | |
ρ(T,V) = 0.5 | No bias | 13 | 0.80 | −0.008 | 0.054 | 0.001 | −0.006 | 0.047 | 0.001 |
Uniform | 14 | 0.55 | −0.006 | 0.068 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.053 | 0.001 | |
Nonuniform | 15 | 0.75 | −0.002 | 0.068 | 0.001 | 0.013 | 0.055 | 0.001 | |
Both | 16 | 0.52 | −0.004 | 0.063 | 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.046 | 0.001 | |
DICHOTOMIZED OBSERVED VIOLATOR (AFTER MEDIAN SPLIT OF THE CONTINUOUS OBSERVED VIOLATOR) | |||||||||
ρ(T,V) = 0.0 | No bias | 17 | 1.00 | −0.002 | 0.041 | 0.001 | −0.004 | 0.054 | 0.001 |
Uniform | 18 | 0.99 | −0.089 | 0.046 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.055 | 0.001 | |
Nonuniform | 19 | 1.00 | 0.004 | 0.051 | 0.001 | −0.071 | 0.063 | 0.001 | |
Both | 20 | 0.98 | 0.087 | 0.063 | 0.001 | −0.062 | 0.058 | 0.001 | |
ρ(T,V) = 0.5 | No bias | 21 | 0.94 | −0.009 | 0.051 | 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.056 | 0.001 |
Uniform | 22 | 0.71 | −0.112 | 0.056 | 0.001 | −0.002 | 0.051 | 0.001 | |
Nonuniform | 23 | 0.93 | −0.004 | 0.055 | 0.001 | −0.022 | 0.071 | 0.001 | |
Both | 24 | 0.68 | −0.131 | 0.054 | 0.001 | 0.021 | 0.067 | 0.001 |
Cond., Condition; Conv., proportion of converged solutions (of 100 replicates); All summary measures of the parameter estimates are calculated over the converged solutions only.