Table 1.
Variables used to construct the indices by sex, in relation to mortality and dementia outcomes
| Variable |
Men |
Women |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Problem absent (value = 0) |
Problem present (value = 1) |
Problem absent (value = 0) |
Problem present (value = 1) |
|||||||||
| N | Die (%) | Dement (%) | N | Die (%) | Dement (%) | N | Die (%) | Dement (%) | N | Die (%) | Dement (%) | |
| How is your health these days? (1 = not too good to very poor; 0 = very good or pretty good) |
2,819 |
44.1 |
7.4 |
75 |
70.7 |
4.0 |
4,222 |
32.7 |
9.2 |
107 |
61.7 |
4.7 |
| How good is your eyesight? (1 = poor or unable to see; 0 = excellent, good, or fair) |
2,776 |
43.9 |
7.3 |
125 |
64.0 |
8.0 |
3,996 |
31.7 |
8.8 |
339 |
53.1 |
11.8 |
| How good is your hearing? (1 = poor or unable to hear; 0 = excellent, good, or fair) |
2,750 |
44.4 |
7.1 |
152 |
51.3 |
12.5 |
4,153 |
32.5 |
9.1 |
183 |
54.6 |
9.3 |
| Dentures fit to your satisfaction? (1 = no; 0 = yes) |
2,551 |
44.5 |
7.3 |
345 |
46.7 |
8.1 |
3,741 |
32.4 |
9.2 |
581 |
40.1 |
8.1 |
| Arthritis or rheumatism? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
1,543 |
44.0 |
7.3 |
1,355 |
45.5 |
7.5 |
1,591 |
31.2 |
9.3 |
2739 |
34.7 |
8.9 |
| Eye trouble? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,259 |
41.4 |
7.4 |
640 |
56.6 |
7.2 |
2,861 |
29.3 |
8.1 |
1470 |
41.4 |
10.8 |
| Ear trouble? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,021 |
41.8 |
6.7 |
880 |
51.7 |
8.9 |
3,245 |
31.0 |
8.7 |
1087 |
40.8 |
10.0 |
| Trouble with your stomach? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,313 |
43.6 |
7.3 |
587 |
49.4 |
7.5 |
3,091 |
31.7 |
9.5 |
1241 |
37.8 |
8.0 |
| Kidney trouble? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,633 |
43.4 |
7.7 |
266 |
58.3 |
4.5 |
3,823 |
32.0 |
9.3 |
506 |
44.5 |
7.7 |
| Lose control of your bladder? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,669 |
43.5 |
7.5 |
226 |
60.2 |
6.2 |
3,524 |
31.6 |
9.3 |
804 |
41.4 |
8.3 |
| Lose control of your bowels? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,810 |
44.3 |
7.3 |
89 |
57.3 |
9.0 |
4,114 |
32.8 |
9.1 |
216 |
44.9 |
7.9 |
| Trouble with your feet or ankles? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,204 |
41.2 |
7.3 |
694 |
56.1 |
7.6 |
2,714 |
30.4 |
8.3 |
1613 |
38.7 |
10.4 |
| Nose stuffed up or sneezing? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,453 |
43.6 |
7.1 |
446 |
51.3 |
9.0 |
3,607 |
32.7 |
8.8 |
724 |
37.2 |
10.4 |
| Any fractures? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,787 |
44.6 |
7.4 |
109 |
50.5 |
7.3 |
4,027 |
32.9 |
9.1 |
299 |
40.5 |
9.0 |
| Chest problems? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,345 |
41.2 |
7.8 |
555 |
59.8 |
5.8 |
3,660 |
31.4 |
9.5 |
671 |
44.6 |
6.4 |
| Have you had a cough? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,541 |
43.0 |
7.6 |
359 |
57.1 |
5.8 |
3,798 |
32.8 |
9.1 |
534 |
38.2 |
8.8 |
| Skin problems? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,356 |
44.6 |
7.1 |
539 |
45.8 |
8.3 |
3,541 |
32.8 |
8.9 |
790 |
36.1 |
9.9 |
| Dental problems? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,335 |
43.9 |
7.3 |
555 |
49.0 |
7.7 |
3,483 |
33.1 |
9.2 |
839 |
34.8 |
8.7 |
| Have you had any other problem? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,241 |
43.9 |
7.1 |
636 |
48.3 |
8.3 |
3,290 |
33.0 |
9.2 |
1025 |
34.9 |
8.3 |
| High blood pressure? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,090 |
42.9 |
7.6 |
803 |
49.7 |
6.6 |
2,632 |
31.2 |
9.3 |
1694 |
37.0 |
8.7 |
| Heart and circulation problems? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,034 |
39.1 |
7.5 |
864 |
58.0 |
7.1 |
3,008 |
28.4 |
9.4 |
1319 |
45.1 |
8.3 |
| Stroke or effects of stroke? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,757 |
43.9 |
7.3 |
142 |
63.4 |
7.7 |
4,174 |
32.8 |
8.9 |
152 |
50.7 |
12.5 |
| Diabetes? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,598 |
43.2 |
7.4 |
301 |
58.1 |
7.6 |
3,930 |
31.9 |
8.1 |
395 |
47.8 |
9.2 |
| Do you live here alone? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,393 |
43.0 |
7.3 |
509 |
52.8 |
7.9 |
2,245 |
28.8 |
8.1 |
2092 |
38.4 |
10.1 |
| Can you eat? (1 = can’t do at all or with some help; 0 = without any help) |
2,890 |
44.6 |
7.4 |
11 |
90.9 |
0.0 |
4,317 |
33.3 |
9.0 |
18 |
72.2 |
16.7 |
| Can you dress and undress yourself? (1 = can’t do at all or with some help; 0 = without any help) |
2,848 |
44.1 |
7.3 |
52 |
78.8 |
13.5 |
4,284 |
33.1 |
9.1 |
52 |
61.5 |
3.8 |
| Can you take care of your appearance? (1 = can’t do at all or with some help; 0 = without any help) |
2,884 |
44.6 |
7.3 |
16 |
75.0 |
18.8 |
4,283 |
33.1 |
9.0 |
51 |
58.8 |
17.6 |
| Can you walk? (1 = can’t do at all or with some help; 0 = without any help) |
2,827 |
43.7 |
7.4 |
74 |
85.1 |
6.8 |
4,080 |
31.3 |
8.9 |
255 |
67.5 |
11.4 |
| Can you get in and out of bed? (1 = can’t do at all or with some help; 0 = without any help) |
2,879 |
44.6 |
7.4 |
22 |
72.7 |
9.1 |
4,298 |
33.2 |
9.0 |
37 |
54.1 |
18.9 |
| Can you take a bath or shower? (1 = can’t do at all or with some help; 0 = without any help) |
2,744 |
43.0 |
7.4 |
157 |
76.4 |
6.4 |
3,798 |
30.4 |
8.7 |
537 |
54.9 |
11.9 |
| Can you go to the bathroom? (1 = can’t do at all or with some help; 0 = without any help) |
2,878 |
44.6 |
7.3 |
21 |
76.2 |
14.3 |
4,287 |
33.3 |
9.1 |
48 |
43.8 |
8.3 |
| Can you use the telephone? (1 = can’t do at all or with some help; 0 = without any help) |
2,802 |
44.2 |
7.2 |
100 |
60.0 |
13.0 |
4,197 |
32.7 |
9.0 |
138 |
56.5 |
10.9 |
| Can you get to place out of walking distance? (1 = can’t do at all or with some help; 0 = without any help) |
2,795 |
43.4 |
7.3 |
107 |
79.4 |
9.3 |
3,787 |
29.7 |
8.8 |
546 |
59.2 |
10.8 |
| Can you go shopping? (1 = can’t do at all or with some help; 0 = without help) |
2,718 |
42.7 |
7.2 |
182 |
75.8 |
9.3 |
3,543 |
28.0 |
8.4 |
790 |
57.8 |
12.2 |
| Can you prepare your own meals? (1 = can’t do at all or with some help; 0 = without any help) |
2,677 |
43.2 |
7.2 |
223 |
63.7 |
8.5 |
4,063 |
31.4 |
8.7 |
269 |
63.2 |
14.9 |
| Can you do your housework? (1 = can’t do at all or with some help; 0 = without any help) |
2,370 |
39.9 |
7.0 |
527 |
66.6 |
8.9 |
2,868 |
25.3 |
7.7 |
1463 |
49.4 |
11.7 |
| Can you take your own medicine? (1 = can’t do at all or with some help; 0 = without any help) |
2,842 |
44.2 |
7.2 |
54 |
74.1 |
14.8 |
4,243 |
32.7 |
9.0 |
85 |
69.4 |
10.6 |
| Can you handle your own money? (1 = can’t do at all or with some help; 0 = without any help) |
2,830 |
44.1 |
7.3 |
72 |
72.2 |
8.3 |
4,153 |
32.3 |
8.8 |
180 |
60.0 |
15.0 |
| Have you been feeling tired? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,546 |
42.3 |
7.6 |
353 |
62.0 |
5.9 |
3,502 |
30.9 |
8.8 |
828 |
44.2 |
10.4 |
| How is language ability? (1 = with difficulties; 0 = fluent) |
2,835 |
44.6 |
7.4 |
64 |
50.0 |
4.7 |
4,287 |
33.5 |
9.1 |
48 |
29.2 |
8.3 |
| Trouble with your nerves? (1 = yes; 0 = no) |
2,565 |
44.3 |
7.1 |
335 |
48.7 |
9.6 |
3,391 |
32.8 |
8.9 |
933 |
36.0 |
9.5 |
| Troubles prevent normal activities? (1 = a little or a great deal; 0 = not at all) | 1,500 | 34.7 | 7.5 | 1,398 | 55.4 | 7.2 | 2,074 | 24.7 | 9.1 | 2255 | 41.4 | 9.1 |