Table 3.

Prevalence of DR in various subgroups

		Prevalence of DR			Prevalence of STDR
	N	n (%)	(95% CI)	p Value	n (%)	(95% CI)	p Value
Overall	1190	122 (10.3)	(8.53 to 11.97)		45 (3.8)	(2.70 to 4.86)
Known diabetes	865	113 (13.1)	(10.81 to 15.31)	<0.0001	43 (5.0)	(3.52 to 6.42)	<0.0001
Newly diagnosed	325	9 (2.8)	(0.99 to 4.55)		2 (0.6)	(-0.23 to 1.47)
Age groups (years)
40–49	390	24 (6.2)	(3.77 to 8.53)		4 (1.0)	(0.03 to 2.03)
50–59	390	50 (12.8)	(9.50 to 16.14)	0.007	23 (5.9)	(3.56 to 8.24)	0.001
60–69	318	40 (12.6)	(8.94 to 16.22)		17 (5.3)	(2.88 to 7.82)
>69	92	8 (8.7)	(2.94 to 14.46)		1 (1.1)	(-1.03 to 3.21)
Gender
Female	651	53 (8.1)	(6.04 to 10.24)	0.008	20 (3.1)	(1.74 to 4.40)	0.159
Male	539	69 (12.8)	(9.98 to 15.62)		25 (4.6)	(2.86 to 6.42)
Duration group (years)
<5	916	58 (6.3)	(4.75 to 7.91)		19 (2.1)	(1.15 to 2.99)
5–10	160	29 (18.1)	(12.16 to 24.10)	<0.0001	11 (6.9)	(2.96 to 10.80)	<0.0001
10–15	79	22 (27.8)	(17.97 to 37.73)		9 (11.4)	(4.38 to 18.40)
>15	35	13 (37.1)	(21.13 to 53.15)		6 (17.1)	(4.65 to 29.63)
HbA1c
<7.0	593	30 (5.1)	(3.30 to 6.82)		9 (1.5)	(0.54 to 2.50)
>7.0	597	92 (15.4)	(12.51 to 18.31)	<0.0001	36 (6.0)	(4.12 to 7.94)	<0.0001
Insulin status
User	25	11 (44.0)	(24.54 to 63.46)		7 (28.0)	(10.40 to 45.60)
Non-user	1165	111 (9.5)	7.84 to 11.22	<0.0001	38 (3.3)	2.242 to 4.28	<0.0001
Systolic BP
<140	1013	87 (8.6)	(6.86 to 10.32)		38 (3.8)	(2.58 to 4.92)
>140	177	35 (19.8)	(13.9 to 25.64)	<0.0001	7 (4.0)	(1.08 to 6.82)	0.896
Diastolic BP
<90	932	82 (8.8)	(6.98 to 10.62)		34 (3.6)	(2.45 to 4.85)
>90	258	40 (15.5)	(11.08 to 19.92)	0.002	11 (4.3)	(1.80 to 6.72)	0.646

BP, blood pressure (mm Hg); DR, diabetic retinopathy; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin (%); STDR, sight-threatening DR.