Table 1.
Baseline, CAC-score and CCTA characteristics of study population with and without DM
| Variable | DM (n=99) | Non-DM (n=1049) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||
| Age (years) | 58.6±9.9 | 57.7±10.8 | 0.435 |
| Sex (% male) | 64 (64.6) | 663 (63.2) | 0.776 |
| Duration of DM (years) | 6.6±6.9 | 0±0 | |
| Risk factors | |||
| Hypertension | 73 (73.7) | 676 (64.4) | 0.063 |
| Dyslipidemia | 86 (86.9) | 823 (78.5) | 0.049 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥30) | 43 (43.4) | 188 (17.9) | 0.001 |
| Smoking | 19 (19.2) | 213 (20.3) | 0.792 |
| Family history of CAD | 53 (53.5) | 518 (49.4) | 0.429 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 138.8±17.4 | 133.1±17.2 | 0.678 |
| DBP(mm Hg) | 81.2±12.4 | 80.7±11.5 | 0.833 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.9±1.1 | 3.6±1.0 | 0.770 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.2±0.3 | 1.4±0.4 | 0.003 |
| Total cholesterol(mmol/L) | 4.9±1.4 | 5.7±1.1 | 0.060 |
| HbA1c (mmol/L) | 7.2±1.1 | 5.7±0.4 | 0.001 |
| Duke score | |||
| Low risk | 36 (36.4) | 599 (57.1) | 0.001 |
| Intermediate risk | 56 (56.5) | 425 (40.5) | 0.002 |
| High risk | 7 (7.1) | 26 (2.4) | 0.007 |
| Diamond-Forrester score | 39.5±21.6 | 38.2±22.2 | 0.562 |
| Medication | |||
| ACE-I/ARB | 43 (43.4) | 238 (22.7) | 0.001 |
| Aspirin | 41 (41.4) | 357 (34.0) | 0.140 |
| β-blocker | 52 (52.5) | 437 (41.7) | 0.037 |
| Statin | 64 (64.6) | 345 (32.9) | 0.001 |
| Technical data | |||
| Heart rate (bpm) | 61.0±7.4 | 57.1±7.0 | 0.001 |
| Radiation dose (mSv) | 3.8±2.7 | 2.2±1.8 | 0.001 |
| CCTA | |||
| CAC-score | 118±270.7 | 73.5±209.3 | 0.049 |
| 0–100 | 74 (74.7) | 866 (82.6) | 0.057 |
| 101–400 | 19 (19.2) | 125 (11.9) | 0.037 |
| >400 | 6 (6.1) | 58 (5.5) | 0.826 |
| Normal/no plaque | 46 (46.5) | 515 (49.1) | 0.617 |
| CAD | 53 (53.5) | 534 (50.9) | 0.674 |
| Obstructive CAD | 23 (23.2) | 121 (11.5) | 0.001 |
| Non-obstructive CAD | 30 (30.3) | 413 (39.4) | 0.076 |
| Segments | |||
| Number of diseased segments | 2.5±3.4 | 1.7±2.4 | 0.003 |
| Number of segments with obstructive plaques | 0.4±1.0 | 0.2±0.6 | 0.001 |
| Number of segments with non-obstructive plaques | 2.0±2.8 | 1.5±2.1 | 0.022 |
| Number of diseased segments LM | 0.2±0.4 | 0.1±0.3 | 0.114 |
| Number of diseased segments RCA | 0.7±1.1 | 0.4±0.8 | 0.008 |
| Number of diseased segments LAD | 1.1±1.4 | 0.8±1.1 | 0.053 |
| Number of diseased segments RCX | 0.6±1.0 | 0.3±0.7 | 0.001 |
Categorical variables are expressed as count (%). Continuous variables are expressed as mean±SD.
ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CAC-score, coronary calcium score; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCTA, cardiac CT coronary angiography; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LAD, left anterior descending; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LM, left main; mSv, millisievert; RCA, right coronary artery; RCX, ramus circumflexus; SBP, systolic blood pressure.