Table 4.
Prediction Statistics and Differences Between Models
| Prevalent Retinopathy | AUC | Difference in AUC from reference model | p-value for difference | Difference in AUC from model with HbA1c | p-value for difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | 0.6947 | (ref) | – | – | – |
| Model 1 + HbA1c | 0.7885 | 0.0948 | < 0.0001 | (ref) | – |
| Model 1 + FA | 0.7958 | 0.1021 | < 0.0001 | – | – |
| Model 1 + GA | 0.7931 | 0.0994 | < 0.0001 | – | – |
| Model 1 + HbA1c + FA | 0.7959 | 0.1022 | < 0.0001 | 0.0074 | 0.1755 |
| Model 1 + HbA1c + GA | 0.7938 | 0.1001 | < 0.0001 | 0.0053 | 0.3491 |
| Model 1 + HbA1c + FA + GA | 0.7953 | 0.1016 | < 0.0001 | 0.0068 | 0.2439 |
| Model 2 | 0.7435 | (ref) | – | – | – |
| Model 2 + HbA1c | 0.8048 | 0.0641 | < 0.0001 | (ref) | – |
| Model 2 + FA | 0.8121 | 0.0714 | < 0.0001 | – | – |
| Model 2 + GA | 0.8105 | 0.0698 | < 0.0001 | – | – |
| Model 2 + HbA1c + FA | 0.8116 | 0.0709 | < 0.0001 | 0.0068 | 0.1158 |
| Model 2 + HbA1c + GA | 0.8108 | 0.0701 | < 0.0001 | 0.006 | 0.2041 |
| Model 2 + HbA1c + FA + GA | 0.8118 | 0.0711 | < 0.0001 | 0.007 | 0.1476 |
| Incident Chronic Kidney Disease | C-statistic | Difference in C-statistic from reference model | p-value for difference | Difference in C-statistic from model with HbA1c | p-value for difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | 0.6937 | (ref) | – | – | – |
| Model 1 + HbA1c | 0.7261 | 0.0324 | < 0.001 | (ref) | – |
| Model 1 + FA | 0.7172 | 0.0235 | < 0.001 | – | – |
| Model 1 + GA | 0.7165 | 0.0228 | < 0.001 | – | – |
| Model 1 + HbA1c + FA | 0.7284 | 0.0347 | < 0.001 | 0.0022 | 0.0504 |
| Model 1 + HbA1c + GA | 0.729 | 0.0353 | < 0.001 | 0.0029 | 0.0098 |
| Model 1 + HbA1c + FA + GA | 0.73 | 0.0363 | < 0.001 | 0.0039 | 0.0057 |
| Model 2 | 0.7407 | (ref) | – | – | – |
| Model 2 + HbA1c | 0.7575 | 0.0168 | < 0.001 | (ref) | – |
| Model 2 + FA | 0.7559 | 0.0152 | < 0.001 | – | – |
| Model 2 + GA | 0.755 | 0.0143 | < 0.001 | – | – |
| Model 2 + HbA1c + FA | 0.7589 | 0.0182 | < 0.001 | 0.0014 | 0.0617 |
| Model 2 + HbA1c + GA | 0.7581 | 0.0174 | < 0.001 | 0.0006 | 0.1428 |
| Model 2 + HbA1c + FA + GA | 0.7589 | 0.0182 | < 0.001 | 0.0014 | 0.0791 |
|
Incident Diabetes
|
|||||
| Model 1 | 0.6751 | (ref) | – | – | – |
| Model 1 + HbA1c | 0.7589 | 0.0838 | < 0.0001 | (ref) | – |
| Model 1 + FA | 0.7064 | 0.0313 | < 0.0001 | – | – |
| Model 1 + GA | 0.703 | 0.0279 | < 0.0001 | – | – |
| Model 1 + HbA1c + FA | 0.7616 | 0.0865 | < 0.0001 | 0.0027 | 0.0216 |
| Model 1 + HbA1c + GA | 0.7589 | 0.0838 | < 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.9939 |
| Model 1 + HbA1c + FA + GA | 0.7613 | 0.0862 | < 0.0001 | 0.0024 | 0.0406 |
| Model 2 | 0.7231 | (ref) | – | – | – |
| Model 2 + HbA1c | 0.7793 | 0.0562 | < 0.0001 | (ref) | – |
| Model 2 + FA | 0.7504 | 0.0273 | < 0.0001 | – | – |
| Model 2 + GA | 0.7518 | 0.0287 | < 0.0001 | – | – |
| Model 2 + HbA1c + FA | 0.7829 | 0.0598 | < 0.0001 | 0.0036 | 0.0011 |
| Model 2 + HbA1c + GA | 0.782 | 0.0589 | < 0.0001 | 0.0027 | 0.0075 |
| Model 2 + HbA1c + FA + GA | 0.7834 | 0.0603 | < 0.0001 | 0.0041 | 0.0006 |
Model 1: age (years), race-center, sex (male, female), body mass index (kg/m2), (body mass index)2
Model 2: Variables in Model 1 + LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL), HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL), triglycerides (mg/dL), waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure (mmHg), blood pressure-lowering medication use (yes, no), family history of diabetes (yes, no), education (less than high school, high school or equivalent, more than high school), drinking status (current, former, never), smoking status (current, former, never), physical activity index.
Abbreviations: FA, fructosamine; GA, glycated albumin; HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1c;