Table 3.
Descriptive statistics of pretest and posttest measures per training condition and age group on the combined Alternative Uses/Ordinary Characteristics task (AU/OC task), the Alternative Uses test and the Rule-Switching task.
| Creative ideation training | General ideation training | Rule-Switch training | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | M | SD | N | M | SD | N | M | SD | |
| Pretest | |||||||||
| COMBINED AU/OC PRETEST | |||||||||
| Adolescents | |||||||||
| AU originality | 23 | 2.08 | 0.36 | 22 | 2.19 | 0.41 | 22 | 1.99 | 0.40 |
| AU fluency | 23 | 2.46 | 0.81 | 22 | 2.25 | 0.73 | 22 | 2.76 | 1.13 |
| OC fluency | 23 | 3.53 | 1.30 | 22 | 3.69 | 0.85 | 22 | 3.75 | 1.26 |
| Adults | |||||||||
| AU Originality | 21 | 2.37 | 0.41 | 19 | 2.25 | 0.28 | 17 | 2.49 | 0.39 |
| AU fluency | 21 | 2.65 | 0.87 | 19 | 2.83 | 0.99 | 17 | 2.27 | 0.71 |
| OC fluency | 21 | 4.16 | 1.24 | 19 | 4.63 | 1.49 | 17 | 4.43 | 0.89 |
| ALTERNATIVE USES PRETEST | |||||||||
| Adolescents | |||||||||
| Fluency | 25 | 11.92 | 5.53 | 23 | 12.83 | 6.55 | 23 | 12.70 | 6.72 |
| Flexibility | 25 | 6.16 | 2.17 | 23 | 5.91 | 2.17 | 23 | 6.17 | 2.76 |
| Originality | 25 | 1.68 | 0.35 | 23 | 1.64 | 0.27 | 23 | 1.69 | 0.34 |
| Adults | |||||||||
| Fluency | 22 | 11.41 | 3.45 | 20 | 11.65 | 5.71 | 19 | 12.74 | 5.51 |
| Flexibility | 22 | 6.91 | 1.82 | 20 | 5.70 | 3.08 | 19 | 6.95 | 2.12 |
| Originality | 22 | 1.73 | 0.37 | 20 | 1.75 | 0.33 | 19 | 1.67 | 0.29 |
| RULE-SWITCHING PRETEST | |||||||||
| Adolescents | |||||||||
| Accuracy | 17 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 14 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 14 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
| Reaction time* | 17 | 104 | 115 | 14 | 81 | 76 | 14 | 70 | 35 |
| Adults | |||||||||
| Accuracy | 21 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 19 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 18 | 0.00 | 0.05 |
| Reaction time* | 21 | 55 | 54 | 19 | 79 | 52 | 18 | 100 | 88 |
| Posttest | |||||||||
| AU/OC POSTTEST | |||||||||
| Adolescents | |||||||||
| AU originality | 25 | 2.46 | 0.18 | 19 | 2.50 | 0.27 | 18 | 2.47 | 0.24 |
| AU fluency | 25 | 2.99 | 1.35 | 19 | 2.55 | 0.85 | 18 | 3.15 | 1.12 |
| OC fluency | 25 | 3.69 | 0.96 | 19 | 4.20 | 1.02 | 18 | 4.23 | 1.30 |
| Adults | |||||||||
| AU Originality | 21 | 2.61 | 0.22 | 20 | 2.58 | 0.19 | 17 | 2.62 | 0.23 |
| AU fluency | 21 | 3.07 | 0.93 | 20 | 2.80 | 0.79 | 17 | 2.49 | 1.28 |
| OC fluency | 21 | 3.96 | 0.98 | 20 | 4.76 | 1.09 | 17 | 3.99 | 1.10 |
| ALTERNATIVE USES POSTTEST | |||||||||
| Adolescents | |||||||||
| Fluency | 23 | 14.35 | 7.99 | 19 | 11.32 | 7.37 | 20 | 17.25 | 7.15 |
| Flexibility | 23 | 8.48 | 2.11 | 19 | 7.53 | 2.46 | 20 | 9.85 | 2.80 |
| Originality | 23 | 1.66 | 0.34 | 19 | 1.79 | 0.49 | 20 | 1.75 | 0.44 |
| Adults | |||||||||
| Fluency | 18 | 13.39 | 4.47 | 15 | 12.20 | 4.16 | 16 | 10.81 | 5.74 |
| Flexibility | 18 | 9.44 | 2.18 | 15 | 8.33 | 2.16 | 16 | 7.38 | 2.96 |
| Originality | 18 | 1.70 | 0.30 | 15 | 1.60 | 0.24 | 16 | 1.67 | 0.32 |
| RULE-SWITCHING POSTTEST | |||||||||
| Adolescents | |||||||||
| Accuracy | 18 | −0.03 | 0.04 | 15 | −0.01 | 0.04 | 16 | −0.02 | 0.06 |
| Reaction time* | 18 | 89 | 68 | 15 | 45 | 80 | 16 | 30 | 28 |
| Adults | |||||||||
| Accuracy | 20 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 18 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 20 | 0.02 | 0.07 |
| Reaction time* | 20 | 26 | 34 | 18 | 53 | 38 | 20 | 30 | 30 |
Both versions of the alternative uses task measure creative ideation. The ordinary characteristics task measures general ideation.
AU, alternative uses; OC, ordinary characteristics; RS, rule-switching,
The rule-switching task reports switch costs.
*
Reaction time is reported in milliseconds.