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. 2014 Jul 18;14:94. doi: 10.1093/jis/14.1.94

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This is an open access paper. We use the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license that permits unrestricted use, provided that the paper is properly attributed.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, providedthe original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Ranking, stability, and determination of the optimal number of reference genes for female adult beetles. Expression stability of the candidate reference genes was analyzed by the geNorm program and Normfinder program. (A) geNorm gives an average expression stability measure (AESM) as the mean of the stability values of the remaining genes in a stepwise exclusion process. AESM of the control genes is plotted from least stable (left) to most stable (right). The two most stable genes are shown by a same M value in the right of the graph. (B) Normfinder also gave a stability value, and genes were ordered from least (left) to most (right). (C) Pairwise variation (Vn/n+1) analysis between the normalization factors NFn and NFn+1 determines the optimal number of reference genes for normalization. High quality figures are available online.