Table 2. Factors associated with advanced COPD (% FEV1<80).
| GOLD 2–4 (N = 305) | GOLD 1 (N = 267) | P | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
| Age,mean±SD | 63.2±0.7 | 64.8±0.9 | 0.204 | 1.03 (1.00–1.06)* | 1.18 (1.11–1.26)* | |
| Height (cm) | 167.0±0.4 | 167.1±0.5 | 0.909 | 0.95 (0.90–1.01) | 0.73 (0.65–0.81)* | |
| Weight (kg) | 65.0±0.7 | 66.1±0.7 | 0.275 | 1.09 (1.03–1.14)* | 1.07 (1.01–1.13)* | |
| Obesity | 29.0±3.2 | 25.4±3.2 | 0.436 | 2.56 (1.19–5.50)* | 2.48 (1.01–6.13)* | |
| Sarcopenia | 35.0±3.5 | 22.7±3.1 | 0.005 | 2.54 (1.57–4.09)* | 1.61 (0.81–3.19) | |
| Curr smk (%) | 46.4±3.5 | 42.6±3.6 | 0.417 | 1.03 (0.67–1.58) | 2.07 (1.08–3.98)* | |
| Smk amt (PY) | 30.5±1.6 | 30.8±1.8 | 0.946 | ― | ― | |
| PFT | ||||||
| FVC (L) | 3.61±0.05 | 4.32±0.06 | <0.001 | ― | 151 (32.6–697)* | |
| FVC (%) | 82.7±0.8 | 98.9±0.8 | <0.001 | ― | ― | |
| FEV1 (L) | 2.17±0.04 | 2.86±0.04 | <0.001 | ― | ― | |
| FEV1 (%) | 67.5±0.8 | 90.4±0.5 | <0.001 | ― | ― | |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 60.1±0.6 | 66.1±0.2 | <0.001 | ― | ― | |
*indicates significance.
Model 1: variables include age, height, weight, obesity, sarcopenia, and smoking status.
Model 2: variables include FVC (L) in addition to variables included in Model 1.
FEV1 (% predicted) was not included in the multivariable analysis due to the risk of co-linearity.
Abbreviation: Curr smk, current smoker; Smk amt, smoking amount; PY, pack-year; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second.