Table 2.

Baseline Traditional Risk Factors and Baseline (Exam 1) Carotid Intima-Media Thickness

	Multivariate Linear Regression Model* (Model R2 = 0.29)		Mixed Effects Longitudinal Model* (Estimated Baseline)
Predictor	Parameter estimate (SE)	P value	Parameter estimate (SE)	P value
Age (per decade)	74.49 (3.49)	<0.0001	73.62 (3.34)	<0.0001
Male sex	39.35 (6.75)	<0.0001	39.03 (6.41)	<0.0001
Body-mass index (per 5 kg/m2)	17.45 (3.27)	<0.0001	14.59 (3.06)	<0.0001
Systolic blood pressure (per 10 mmHg)	14.21 (1.60)	<0.0001	14.80 (1.53)	<0.0001
Fasting glucose (per 10 mg/dL)	3.54 (1.59)	0.03	3.12 (1.49)	0.04
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (per 5 mg/dL)	−3.06 (1.14)	0.007	−3.33 (1.09)	0.002
Total cholesterol (per 10 mg/dL)	4.12 (0.86)	<0.0001	4.12 (0.82)	<0.0001
African-American ethnicity	29.78 (7.80)	0.0001	28.72 (7.46)	0.0001
Current cigarette use	22.26 (9.50)	0.02	23.59 (9.17)	0.01
Former cigarette use	20.90 (6.40)	0.001	20.20 (6.13)	0.001

^*Outcome modeled in μm,

SE = standard error