Table 2.
HIV-1 shedding is associated with decreases in FOXP3+ and T-bet+ cells in women with intermittent shedding and gradual increases in CD8+FOXP3+ T cells.
| T cell populations | Never shedders* (n=14 subjects) Median percent (%) of
tissues staining positive (IQR) |
Intermittent shedders* (n=10 subjects)
Median percent (%) of tissues staining positive (IQR) |
Persistent shedders* (n=3 subjects)
Median percent (%) of tissues staining positive (IQR) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-shed visits (n=18)^ | Non-shed visits (n=9)^ | Shed visits (n=10)^ | Shed visits (n= 3)^ | |
| CD3+ | 0.16 (0.06, 0.32) | 0.65 (0.19, 1.47) | 0.24 (0.14, 1.11) | 1.01 (0.02, 2.03) |
| CD8+ | 0.98¥ (0.66, 2.34) | 2.06 (1.27, 5.32) | 1.70£ (0.70, 2.62) | 8.66¥,£ (7.78, 9.53) |
| FoxP3+ | 0.03¥ (0.02, 0.08) | 0.05† (0.03, 0.07) | 0.04†,£ (0.02, 0.07) | 0.03¥,£ (0.01, 0.07) |
| T-bet+ | 0.10 (0.03, 0.52) | 0.07 (0.04, 0.20) | 0.03£ (0.01, 0.05) | 0.26£ (0.10, 2.83) |
| CD3+ FoxP3+ | 0.02 (0.01, 0.06) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.31) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.19) | 0.14 (0.00, 0.19) |
| CD3+ T-bet+ | 0.48¥ (0.23, 0.82) | 2.33 (0.63, 2.61) | 0.80 (0.52, 1.86) | 0.70¥ (0.50, 0.71) |
| CD8+ FoxP3+ | 0.20¥ (0.08, 0.37) | 0.22* (0.16, 0.75) | 0.18†,£ (0.10, 0.33) | 1.07¥,£ (0.19, 1.94) |
| Ki67+ | 1.28¥ (0.76, 1.69) | 1.50 (0.87, 3.23) | 0.97¥,£ (0.68, 1.46) | 0.96£ (0.63, 1.30) |
Comparisons were made using generalized estimating equations (GEE) with an independent correlation matrix and robust standard errors, after adjusting for log10 HIV-1 plasma viral load, the presence or absence of bacterial vaginosis, cervicitis and yeast of the following groups: 1) Non-shedding and shedding visits within intermittent shedders 2) Non-shedding visits between never shedders and intermittent shedders 3) Shedding visits between intermittent and persistent shedders 4) and never shedders to persistent shedders.
Bold indicates statistical significance < 0.05 within intermittent shedders.
Bold indicates statistical significance < 0.05 at non-shedding visits between never and intermittent shedders or between shedding visits between intermittent and persistent shedders.
Bold indicates statistical significance < 0.05 comparing never shedders to persistent shedders.
The number of visits per T cell populations for staining was variable across study groups due to specimen depletion: for never shedders FOXP3+ had 20 study visits, CD3+ and CD3+FOXP3+ had 19 visits, and CD3+T-bet+ had 17 visits; for intermittent shedders at non-shedding visits Ki67+ had 7 visits, while at shedding visits Ki67+ had 9 visits, and CD8+, T-bet+, CD3+T-bet+, and CD8+FOXP3+ had 8 visits; for persistent shedders CD3+ had 4 visits, and CD8+ CD8+FOXP3+, and Ki67+ had two visits.