Lack of peripheral 5-HT decreases blood circulating calcium and bone OC activity during lactation through PTHrP activation. WT mouse dams were given saline and Tph1−/− dams were given either saline or daily injections of exogenous 5-HTP [100 mg/kg; Tph1−/−(5-HTP)], from pregnancy day 13 to lactation day 10. A, Total serum calcium content determined on day 1 and day 10 of lactation. B–D, Abundance of plasma circulating PTHrP, mammary gland PTHrP mRNA, and protein determined on lactation day 10. E, Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining of bone femurs conducted on day 10 of lactation to identify OCs (black arrows). F–G, OC number and area per group. All values are reported as means ± SEM (n = 7 per group). *, P < .05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < .001.