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. 2014 Oct 22;10:44. doi: 10.1186/1746-160X-10-44

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© Karapantzou et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Clinical presentation and compensatory maneuvers in patients with blepharospasm and apraxia of eyelid opening. A: Patient with apraxia of eyelid opening. Retroflexion of the head. B: Innervation of the frontalis muscle as a compensatory maneuver to increase eye opening. C: Lifting the upper lid with a finger to open the eye.