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A: Schematic diagram showing electromyogram recording method for cricopharyngeal sphincter (CP-EMG) and submental muscles (SM-EMG). B: During rest, there is continuously high frequency tonic EMG activity in the CP muscle (third trace). During 3 mL of water swallowing, SM-EMG activity begins first, and the tonic activity of the CP muscle is switched off (pause) (first and second traces). A conventional EMG recording was used[77].
