Table 1.
Prevalence of drug resistance mutations in HIV treatment-naïve patients worldwide.
| Continent | Country of Study | Prevalence of TDRM * (%) | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | Mali | 0% | [73] |
| Cote d’Ivoire | 6% | [69] | |
| Cameroon | <1% | [68] | |
| Uganda | 3%–19% | [70,71] | |
| Tanzania | 14.8% | [74] | |
| Rwanda | 5%-15% | [71] | |
| Zambia | 15.8% | [71] | |
| South Africa | <5%–20% | [71,75] | |
| Asia | China | 0%–12.5% | [76] |
| Korea | 13.6%–45.5% | [76] | |
| Japan | 10.7% | [77] | |
| Australia | Australia | 13.4%–21.9% | [78,79] |
| Europe | Estonia | 0% | [80] |
| Italy | 18.3% | [81] | |
| North America | Caribbean † | 0% | [82] |
| United States | 4.9%–24.9% | [83,84] | |
| South America | Brazil | 0%–15.4% | [85,86] |
Adapted and modified from [48]; * TDRMs, transmitted drug resistant mutations; † Caribbean countries included in the study are Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago; Prevalence of TDRMs tends to be higher in areas that had early access to antiretroviral medications. Countries highlighted are those that have reported the highest and lowest prevalence of drug resistance HIV-1 in treatment-naïve populations for each continent. For more detailed information on TDRM prevalence within other specific countries, please visit [48].