Table 1.
Human pharmaceuticals in periphyton, invertebrates and fish (mean ± s.d.; µg kg−1) from the North Bosque River, TX, USA. DPH, diphenhydramine; CAR, carbamazepine; NOR, norfluoxetine; SER, sertraline; FLU, fluoxetine; DES, desmethylsertraline; CEL, celecoxib; DIC, diclofenac; DIL, diltiazem; freq., frequency; n.d., not detected; <MDL, below method detection limit.
| species name | analyte |
|||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DPH |
CAR |
NOR |
SER |
FLU |
DES |
CEL |
DIC |
DIL |
||||||||||
| mean ± s.d. | freq. | mean ± s.d. | freq. | mean ± s.d. | freq. | mean ± s.d. | freq. | mean ± s.d. | freq. | mean ± s.d. | freq. | mean ± s.d. | freq. | mean ± s.d. | freq. | mean ± s.d. | freq. | |
| Periphyton | 18 ± 12 | 10/10 | 1.3 ± 0.22 | 10/10 | n.d. | 0/4 | n.d. | 0/4 | n.d. | 0/4 | n.d. | 0/4 | 18 ± 13 | 7/10 | 3.6 ± 2.3 | 5/10 | <MDL | 0/10 |
| Invertebrates | ||||||||||||||||||
| H. azteca | 5.3 ± 0.96 | 4/4 | 1.6 ± 0.10 | 4/4 | n.d. | 0/4 | n.d. | 0/4 | n.d. | 0/4 | n.d. | 0/4 | 25 ± 19 | 4/4 | 20 ± 4.9 | 4/4 | 0.21 ± 0.11 | 2/4 |
| R. elongata | 6.8 ± 6.3 | 3/3 | <MDL | 1/3 | <MDL | 0/3 | n.d. | 0/3 | n.d. | 0/3 | 9.8 ± 4.7 | 3/3 | 430 ± 190 | 3/3 | <MDL | 0/3 | n.d. | 0/3 |
| Planorbis sp. | 2.3 ± 0.68 | 8/8 | 1.4 ± 0.59 | 7/8 | <MDL | 0/8 | 37 ± 11 | 8/8 | 6.9 ± 2.4 | 7/8 | 71 ± 16 | 8/8 | 21 ± 10 | 7/8 | 13 ± 5.6 | 7/8 | 0.37 ± 0.07 | 8/8 |
| C. fluminea (small) | 2.8 ± 0.87 | 10/10 | 1.2 ± 0.28 | 10/10 | <MDL | 0/10 | 140 ± 21 | 10/10 | 10 ± 3.6 | 9/10 | 86 ± 20 | 10/10 | 26 ± 14 | 9/10 | 19 ± 3.2 | 10/10 | <MDL | 0/10 |
| C. fluminea (medium) | 1.6 ± 0.40 | 9/9 | 1.9 ± 0.32 | 9/9 | <MDL | 0/9 | 130 ± 23 | 9/9 | 12 ± 1.3 | 9/9 | 97 ± 37 | 9/9 | 22 ± 7.9 | 8/9 | 33 ± 6.7 | 9/9 | <MDL | 0/9 |
| C. fluminea (large) | 2.7 ± 1.2 | 10/10 | 1.9 ± 0.77 | 10/10 | <MDL | 0/9 | 56 ± 19 | 10/10 | 10 ± 4.4 | 10/10 | 67 ± 19 | 10/10 | 24 ± 16 | 8/10 | 18 ± 9.3 | 10/10 | <MDL | 0/10 |
| U. tetralasmus | 1.2 | 1/1 | 1.4 | 1/1 | <MDL | 0/1 | 130 | 1/1 | 15 | 1/1 | 88 | 1/1 | <MDL | 0/1 | 11 | 1/1 | n.d. | 0/1 |
| U. imbecillis | 4.4 | 2/2 | 1.1 | 2/2 | <MDL | 0/2 | 370 | 2/2 | 22 | 2/2 | 78 | 2/2 | <MDL | 0/2 | 15 | 2/2 | 0.27 | 2/2 |
| Vertebrates | ||||||||||||||||||
| G. affinis | 1.4 ± 0.43 | 10/10 | 1.8 ± 0.27 | 10/10 | 13 ± 2.3 | 10/10 | 14 ± 4.6 | 10/10 | n.d. | 0/10 | <MDL | 3/10 | n.d. | 0/10 | <MDL | 4/10 | 0.14 ± 0.08 | 7/10 |
| L. megalotis (small) | 1.6 ± 0.99 | 10/10 | 1.4 ± 0.38 | 10/10 | 4.8 ± 3.3 | 5/10 | 6.9 ± 3.2 | 8/10 | n.d. | 0/10 | n.d. | 0/10 | n.d. | 0/10 | <MDL | 3/10 | 0.15 ± 0.18 | 3/10 |
| L. megalotis (medium) | 0.47 ± 0.33 | 9/10 | 1.3 ± 0.57 | 10/10 | <MDL | 4/10 | n.d. | 0/10 | n.d. | 0/10 | n.d. | 0/10 | n.d. | 0/10 | n.d. | 0/10 | <MDL | 4/10 |
| L. megalotis (large) | 0.45 ± 0.16 | 9/9 | 1.0 ± 0.28 | 9/9 | n.d. | 0/9 | 10 ± 6.8 | 7/9 | n.d. | 0/9 | 7.2 ± 6.1 | 3/9 | n.d. | 0/9 | n.d. | 0/9 | <MDL | 2/9 |
| M. salmoides | 1.0 | 2/2 | 1.3 | 2/2 | n.d. | 0/2 | n.d. | 0/2 | n.d. | 0/2 | n.d. | 0/2 | n.d. | 0/2 | n.d. | 0/2 | n.d. | 0/2 |
| A. natalis | 0.64 | 1/1 | <MDL | 0/1 | n.d. | 0/1 | n.d. | 0/1 | n.d. | 0/1 | n.d. | 0/1 | n.d. | 0/1 | n.d. | 0/1 | n.d. | 0/1 |
| I. punctatus | 25 | 1/1 | <MDL | 0/1 | n.d. | 0/1 | n.d. | 0/1 | n.d. | 0/1 | n.d. | 0/1 | n.d. | 0/1 | n.d. | 0/1 | n.d. | 0/1 |
| L. cyanellus | 0.59 | 2/2 | 1.1 | 2/2 | n.d. | 0/2 | n.d. | 0/2 | n.d. | 0/2 | n.d. | 0/2 | n.d. | 0/2 | n.d. | 0/2 | n.d. | 0/2 |