. 2014 Dec;27(12):1721–1725. doi: 10.5713/ajas.2014.14216

Table 3.

The in-vitro effect of coconut materials on ruminal fermentation characteristics after 24 h incubation

Item	Control	Coconut oil	Coconut powder	SEM
pH	6.65^a	6.45^b	6.55^ab	0.09
tVFA (mM)	63.95	64.62	65.06	1.59
Acetate (mM)	42.01^a	32.27^b	33.52^b	4.37
Propionate (mM)	12.37^c	16.75^a	14.55^b	1.89
Butyrate (mM)	6.21^c	9.20^b	10.57^a	1.82
A:P ratio	3.40^a	1.93^c	2.31^b	0.63

tVFA, total volatile fatty acid; A:P ratio, acetate:propionate ratio; SEM, standard error of the mean.

^a–c

Means in the same row with different superscripts differ significantly (p<0.05).