Table 3.
Characteristics of 11 questionnaires obtained in the review.
| Questionary (developed by) |
Number of studies which used the questionnaire | Dysfunction | Target poblation | No items far visión | No items near vision | Characteristics | Score system | Type of validation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convergence insufficiency symptom survey (CISS V-15) (Borsting E, 200348) |
218,13–16,19,20,23,25–27,29,32–35,43–46,48 |
CI | Children and Adults | 0 | 15 | 15 questions, each of them specific of one symptom. Liker scale of 5 response choices |
Each item scored between 0 and 4 Total score ranged from 0 to 60 points. A total score ≥ 16 is related with symptoms associated with CI |
ROC analysis to test the ability of CISS V-15 questionnaire to discriminate between CI and NBV groups |
| 19 Item college of optometrists in vision development quality of life (COVD-QOL) questionnaire (Vaughn W, 200642) |
418,22,42,47 |
Visual anomalies | Children | 1 | 18 | 19 questions, each of them is not specific of one symptom, taking up 3 symptoms in the same question. Liker scale of 5 response choices |
Each item scored between 0 and 4 Total score ranged from 0 to 76 points. A total score of 20 and above is a concern, and further evaluation is indicated |
– |
| Academic Behaviour Survey (Rouse M, 200923) |
313,24,35 | CI | Children | 0 | 6 | 6 questions, each of them specific of one symptom. Liker scale of 5 response choices |
Each item scored between 0 and 4. Total score ranged from 0 to 24 points |
– |
| Conlon Survey (Conlon E, 199966) |
328,32,37 | Visual anomalies | Adults | 0 | 23 | 23 questions, each of them is not specific of one symptom, taking up 8 symptoms in the same question. Liker scale of 4 response choices |
Each item scored between 0 and 3. Total score ranged from 0 to 69 points, with 3 groups defined: Low discomfort: scored 0–24 Moderate discomfort: 25–48 High visual discomfort: 49–69 |
RASCH analysis |
| Convergence insufficiency and ready study (CIRS) symptom questionnaire parent version (Borsting E, 199955) |
155 | CI | Children | 0 | 15 | 15 questions, each of them specific of one symptom. Liker scale of 4 response choices |
Each item scored between 0 and 3. Total score ranged from 0 to 36 points. A total score ≥ 9 indicates more likely to be CI |
Sensitivity, specificity and Odds ratio analysis |
| CISS 16 Items questionnaire (Borsting E, 20039) |
19 | CI | Children | 3 | 13 | 16 questions, each of them specific of one symptom. Liker scale of 3 response choices |
Each item scored between 0 and 2. Total score ranged from 0 to 24 points |
– |
| Sterner questionnaire (Sterner B, 200641) |
141 | AI | Children | 1 | 3 | 4 questions, each of them specific of one symptom | Answer with “yes” or “no.” It is necessary to have the symptom at least occasionally, and not just once |
– |
| Adler questionnaire (Adler P, 200249) |
149 | CI | Children and Adults | 1 | 14 | 15 questions, each of them specific of one symptom | Answer with “yes” or “no” | – |
| Gallaway questionnaire (Gallaway M, 200251) |
151 | CI | Children and Adults | 0 | 10 | 10 questions, each of them specific of one symptom. Liker scale of 3 response choices |
Each item scored between 0 and 2. Maximum score of 20 points |
– |
| Birnbaum questionnaire (Birnbaum M, 199956) |
156 | CI | Adults | 0 | 3 | 3 questions, 1 specific of one symptom and 2 questions are not specific of each symptom, taking up 10 symptoms in the same question | Answer with “yes” or “no” | – |
| Rusell questionnaire (Russell G, 199359) |
159 | AI | Children and Adults |
0 | 5 | 4 questions, each of them specific of one symptom. 1 question of reading ability. Scale from 0 to 10 points |
Of the 4 questions, each item scored between 0 and 100. The question about reading ability scored between 0 and 10 |
– |
CI: convergence insufficiency, AI: accommodative insufficiency; NBV: normal binocular vision.