Table 1.
Prototypes of mosquito repellent cream.
| Ingredient | HLB value | Properties | Prototype (wt%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||
| Oil phase | |||||||
| Stearic acid | 15.0 | Emulsifier and oil base | 9 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 13 |
| Cetostearyl alcohol | 15.5 | Emulsifier/stiffener | 2 | 4 | — | — | — |
| Cetyl alcohol | 15 | Stiffening agent, thickener | — | — | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Stearyl alcohol | 10–12 | Coemulsifier, thickener | — | — | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Citronella oil | 12.6 | Mosquito repellent | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Aqueous phase | |||||||
| Glycerin | — | Humectant, plasticizer | 5 | 5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 10 |
| Propylene glycol (PG) | Humectant, plasticizer | 2.5 | 5 | 2.5 | — | — | |
| Potassium hydroxide (KOH) | — | Saponifier | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| Distilled water | — | — | q. s. | q. s. | q. s. | q. s. | q. s. |
| Preservatives | |||||||
| Propyl paraben | — | Oil soluble preservative | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Methyl paraben | — | Water soluble preservative | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Organoleptic ingredient | |||||||
| Colours | — | Coloring pigment | — | — | — | — | q. s. |
| Fragrances | — | Fragrances and perfumes | — | — | — | — | q. s. |