Table 1.
Characteristic and methodology assessment of the included studies.
| First author, year, country | Characteristics of HCC | Characteristics of controls | GPC3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assay type | Cut-off value | Antibody for detection | HCC value (ng/mL) | Controls value (ng/mL) | |||
| Yu [10], 2014, China | NA | LC or hepatitis patients; healthy individuals | Chemiluminescent immunoassay | 30 ng/mL | GPC3 8G6 mcAb and 7D11 mcAb (Millipore Corporation) | 108.67 ± 230.04 | 3.99 ± 7.68 |
|
| |||||||
| Lee [11], 2014, Korea | 62.5% were HBV associated | CLD (HCV) patients; 50% had liver cirrhosis | ELISA | 73 ng/mL | ELISA kit (Wuhan Cusabio Biotech) | 75.8 ± 117.5 | 66.4 ± 33.2 |
|
| |||||||
| Badr [12], 2014, Egypt | NA | LC (HCV) patients | ELISA | 240 ng/mL | ELISA kit (Wuhan Uscn) | 551.47 ± 185.25 | 98.23 ± 73.54 |
|
| |||||||
| Li [13], 2013, China | HBV associated HCC | Healthy individuals | ELISA | NA | ELISA kit (usabio Biotech) | 12.63 ± 2.93 for patients with AFP <400 µg/L; 20.20 ± 5.41 for patients with AFP ≥ 400 µg/L |
1.92 ± 0.95 |
|
| |||||||
| Chen [14], 2013, China | NA | LC or hepatitis patients; healthy individuals | ELISA | 25.25 ng/mL | 7C8 and GP9 mcAb (self-made) | 99.94 ± 267.2 | 19.44 ± 50.88 for LC patients; 10.45 ± 46.02 for chronic hepatitis; 4.14 ± 31.65 for healthy controls |
|
| |||||||
| Abdelgawad [15], 2013, Egypt | 67.5% were HCV associated; 17.5% were HBV associated | LC patients; healthy individuals | ELISA | 4.9 ng/mL | ELISA kit (Wuhan Uscn) | 7.7 | 3.24 |
|
| |||||||
| Gomaa [16], 2012, Egypt | 12.9% were HBV associated; 87.1% were HCV associated | LC patients with HCV/HBV | ELISA | 5.41 ng/mL | ELISA kit (BioMosaics) |
8.13 ± 3.25 | 3.14 ± 1.16 |
|
| |||||||
| Wang [17], 2012, China | HBV associated | LC patients with HBV | ELISA | NA | ELISA kit (Wuhan Huamei) |
NA | NA |
|
| |||||||
| Qiao [18], 2011, China | 76.2% were HBV associated; 7.9% were HCV associated | LC (HBV/HCV) or hepatitis patients; healthy individuals | ELISA | 26.8 ng/mL | ELISA kit (USCN life science) |
29.29 ± 17.34 | 12.09 ± 9.69 for LC patients; 9.98 ± 9.60 for chronic hepatitis patients; 5.93 ± 5.46 for healthy controls |
|
| |||||||
| Abd El Moety [19], 2011, Egypt | HCV associated | LC or hepatitis patients; healthy individuals | ELISA | 2.0 ng/mL | ELISA kit (BioMosaics) |
34.63 ± 23.8 | NA |
|
| |||||||
| Zhang [20], 2010, China | NA | LC or hepatitis patients with HCV/HBV; healthy individuals | Immunoassay | 3.10 ng/mL | Self-made | 116.8 ± 98.6 | 24.60 ± 24.01 for LC patients; 6.73 ± 12.2 for hepatitis B patients; 13.67 ± 15.68 for hepatitis C patients; 0.86 ± 1.12 for healthy controls |
|
| |||||||
| Youssef [21], 2010, Egypt | HCV and HBV associated | LC patients with HBV/HCV; healthy individuals |
ELISA | 4.6 ng/mL | ELISA kit (BioMosaics) |
NA | NA |
|
| |||||||
| Liu [22], 2010, China | 84% were HBV associated; 16% were HCV associated | LC patients with HBV/HCV | ELISA | 300 ng/L | ELISA kit (BioMosaics) |
NA | NA |
|
| |||||||
| Tangkijvanich [23], 2010, Thailand | 59% were HBV associated; 11% were HCV associated | LC or hepatitis patients with HBV/HCV | ELISA | NA | Self-made | 46.3 (0–7826.6)■ | 0 (0–43.6)■ |
|
| |||||||
| Beale [24], 2008, UK | 60% had ALD and 40% patients had NAFLD | LC patients with ALD/NAFLD | ELISA | NA | ELISA kit (BioMosaics) |
161.41 ± 422.33 | 125.41 ± 281.05 |
|
| |||||||
| Yoshitaka Hippo [25], 2004, Japan | NA | LC patients | ELISA | 2.0 ng/mL | Self-made | 4.84 ± 8.91 | 1.09 ± 0.74 |
|
| |||||||
| Nakatsura [26], 2003, Japan | 12.1% were HBV associated; 40.9% were HCV associated | LC patients with HBV/HCV/PBC/AIH | ELISA | 10 U/mL | Self-made | NA | NA |
|
| |||||||
| Capurro [27], 2003, Canada | 44.1% were HBV associated; 27.2% were HCV associated; 14.7% had ALD | LC or hepatitis patients with HBV/HCV | ELISA | 117 ng/mL | Self-made 1G12 antibody |
NA | NA |
|
| |||||||
| Wang [28], 2014, China | 84.5% were HBV associated; 9.5% were HBV associated; 3.5% were alcoholic cirrhosis associated | LC or hepatitis (HBV) patients; healthy individuals | ELISA | NA∗ | ELISA kit (usabio Biotech) | 4.55 ± 3.5 | 9.03 ± 4.1 for LC patients; 4.56 ± 3.2 for HBV chronic hepatitis patients; 6.71 ± 1.8 for healthy controls |
|
| |||||||
| Nault [29], 2013, France | With alcoholic cirrhotic, 46.4% were early stage | Alcoholic cirrhotic patients | ELISA | NA∗ | ELISA kit (Wuhan Cusabio Biotech) | 1.4 ± 0.5 (early stage) 4.2 ± 1.8 (advanced stage) |
2.5 ± 1.4 |
|
| |||||||
| Özkan [30], 2011, Turkey | 52% were HBV associated; 23% were HCV associated | LC patients with HBV/HCV/HDV/AIH/Wilson disease/Cryptogenic liver disease; healthy individuals | ELISA | NA∗ | ELISA kit (Wuhan EIAab) |
5.13 ± 22.7 | 5.51 ± 59.2 |
|
| |||||||
| Yasuda [31], 2010, Japan | 16% were HBV associated; 77.5% were HCV associated | CLD patients with HBV/HCV | ELISA | NA∗ | ELISA kit (BioMosaics) |
924.8 (495.2, 1335.6)▲ | 1161.6 (762.0, 1784.0)▲ |
NA: data are not available; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; LC: liver cirrhosis; CLD: chronic liver disease; ALD: alcoholic liver disease; ALC: alcoholic liver cirrhosis; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases; PBC: primary biliary cirrhosis; AIH: autoimmune hepatitis; ▲mean median (25% and 75% quartiles); ■mean median (ranges); ∗cutoff values were not provided because these studies found serum GPC3 has no correlation with HCC.