Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the pediatric study groups
| Clinical Characteristic | BE* | PBB | CF |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects, n | 19 | 12 | 25 |
| Geographic origin | Australia (Brisbane) | Australia (Brisbane) | United States (Seattle) |
| Sample type | 9 BAL and 10 sputum | All BAL | All sputum |
| Age, yr (mean ± SD, range) | 8.9 ± 4.7, 1.8–16.3† | 2.3 ± 1.7, 0.6–5.5‡,§ | 12.5 ± 3.5, 2.3–17.7 |
| Female sex, % | 36 | 25 | 68 |
| FEV1 % predicted (mean ± SD, range, [no. of subjects with measurements]) | 85.7 ± 21, 41–120 (15) | 117 ± 1.4, 116 and 118 (2)‡,§ | 77.9 ± 24, 22.2–116.2 (21) |
| Subjects on antibiotics at sampling, n (%)|| | 8/19 (42) | 1/12 (8) | 7/25 (28) |
| Subjects on corticosteroids at sampling, n (%) | 6/19 (32), 1 oral, 5 inhaled | 2/12 (16), all inhaled | 11/25 (48), all inhaled |
| Culture positive for P. aeruginosa, n (%)¶ | 0 | 0 | 8 (34) |
| Culture positive for S. aureus, n (%)¶ | 2 (11) | 2 (16) | 22 (96) |
| Culture positive for H. influenzae, n (%)¶ | 4 (19) | 6 (50) | 7 (30) |
Definition of abbreviations: BAL = bronchoalveolar lavage; BE = bronchiectasis; CF = cystic fibrosis; PBB = protracted bacterial bronchitis.
Of the 10 children with bronchiectasis with additional diagnoses available, 5/10 (50%) had idiopathic bronchiectasis, 1 had previously had an airway foreign body, 1 had primary ciliary dyskinesia, 1 had chronic aspiration due to a tracheoesophageal fistula, 1 had Mounier-Kuhn syndrome, and 1 had common variable immunodeficiency.
P < 0.01 compared with CF.
P < 0.001 compared with CF.
P < 0.001 compared with bronchiectasis.
Antibiotics for children with CF included tobramycin (inhaled), linezolid, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ticarcillin-clavulanate, and amoxicillin-clavulanate. Antibiotics for children with protracted bacterial bronchitis included only erythromycin. Antibiotics for children with bronchiectasis included erythromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and ticarcillin-clavulanate.
Of 23 subjects with CF with culture data available; all subjects with protracted bacterial bronchitis and bronchiectasis had available culture data.