Table 3.

Definition of evaluation measures of Simulation 2 (Simulation 2 section).

Level	Measure	Notation	Definition	Description
Voxel	False discovery rate	vFDR	$\mathrm{E}([V_{1\mid 0}/V_{1·}^{\mid }]I_{\{{\mathrm{V}}_{1·}^{\mid }>0\}})$	Expected value of the proportion of false positive voxels among all rejected voxels
	Sensitivity	vSens	E(V1|1) / V·|1	Expected value of the proportion of truly active voxels that have been correctly rejected
Cluster	Family-wise error rate	cFWER	P(C1|0 > 0)	Probability of observing a family-wise error, which occurs when there are one or more false positive clusters per map

Note: We adopted the notational convention of Nichols and Hayasaka (2003) to define the measures (see Table 2 and Simulation 2 section). As defined in Nichols and Hayasaka (2003), I_{A} is the indicator function for an event A.