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. 2014 Oct 30;8:366. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00366

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Copyright © 2014 Alhaddad, Kim, Aal-Aaboda, Althobaiti, Leighton, Boddu, Wei and Sari.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of MS-153 at 50 mg/kg (MS-153, n = 5), vehicle (ethanol vehicle group, n = 5), naïve (naïve ethanol vehicle group, n = 5) groups on phospho-Akt levels in the NAc. (A) Each panel presents immunoblots for Total Akt and GAPDH, which was used as a control loading protein, and phospho-Akt (PAkt) in the NAc. (B) Quantitative analysis revealed a significant increase in the ratio of PAkt/total Akt in both MS-153-treated groups compared to the ethanol vehicle group. Significant downregulation of PAkt/total Akt expression was revealed in the ethanol vehicle group compared to the naïve ethanol vehicle group. Values shown as means ± s.e.m. (^*p < 0.01).