. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Oct 30.

Published in final edited form as: J Comp Psychol. 2011 Feb;125(1):72–83. doi: 10.1037/a0021187

Table 1.

Comparison of Rhesus Macaque Personality Domains to those of Humans, Chimpanzees, and Orangutans

	Rhesus macaque components^a						Classification in other Species^c

Item	Cnf	Opn	Dom	Frd	Act^b	Anx^b	Humans	Chimpanzees^h	Orangutansⁱ
Fearful	−0.86	−0.13	−0.14	0.03	−0.08	0.21	N+^d	D-	N+
Submissive	−0.81	0.10	−0.28	−0.03	0.06	−0.06	A+^d	D-	D-
Timid	−0.73	−0.03	−0.07	−0.09	−0.17	0.13	E-^d	D-	N+
Cautious	−0.73	−0.22	−0.36	−0.21	−0.01	0.06	E-^d	D-	N+
Stable	0.66	0.15	−0.17	0.25	−0.05	−0.43	N-^d	N-	N-
Distractible	−0.56	0.01	0.45	0.05	0.20	0.16	C-^e	C-	---
Disorganized	−0.55	−0.14	0.41	0.02	0.04	0.05	C-^d	C-	I-
Dependent/Follower	−0.54	0.10	−0.26	0.32	−0.37	0.24	N+^d	D-	I-
Vulnerable	−0.50	0.43	−0.35	−0.10	−0.06	0.39	N+^f	D-	N+
Inquisitive	0.17	0.85	−0.06	0.14	0.14	0.09	O+^d	O+	E+
Thoughtless	−0.04	0.81	−0.02	−0.03	−0.22	0.12	C-^g	C-	---
Innovative	0.15	0.66	−0.09	−0.05	0.50	−0.06	O+^e	O+	---
Inventive	0.18	0.64	−0.17	−0.07	0.49	−0.05	O+^d	O+	E+
Curious	0.10	0.64	0.13	0.42	0.22	0.05	O+^g	O+	E+
Imitative	−0.15	0.58	−0.31	0.02	−0.20	0.37	O-^d	E+	E+
Impulsive	−0.14	0.55	0.35	0.04	0.09	0.43	E+^d	C-	N+
Bullying	0.18	−0.06	0.87	0.03	0.09	−0.01	A-^d	D+	D+
Stingy/Greedy	0.11	−0.15	0.84	0.02	−0.03	−0.07	A-^d	D+	D+
Aggressive	0.09	0.18	0.83	0.01	0.12	0.12	A-^d	C-	D+
Irritable	0.06	−0.28	0.78	−0.10	−0.17	0.22	A-^d	C-	D+
Manipulative	0.01	−0.17	0.75	0.14	0.10	−0.23	A-^d	D+	D+
Defiant	−0.05	0.38	0.69	0.06	0.19	−0.09	A-^d	C-	D+
Excitable	−0.35	0.09	0.67	0.21	0.12	0.31	N+^d	N+	N+
Reckless	0.20	0.33	0.61	0.00	0.22	0.37	C-^d	C-	D+
Gentle	−0.28	0.08	−0.60	0.40	−0.12	−0.44	A+^d	A+	D-
Dominant	0.55	−0.23	0.57	0.20	−0.11	−0.14	A-^d	D+	D+
Independent	0.37	0.05	0.51	−0.19	0.34	−0.22	N-^d	D+	I+
Individualistic	0.19	−0.10	0.41	−0.09	0.32	−0.07	O+^e	E-	---
Helpful	−0.08	−0.08	0.17	0.81	0.05	0.04	A+^d	A+	A+
Friendly	0.00	0.24	−0.30	0.73	0.12	−0.26	A+^d	E+	A+
Affectionate	−0.05	0.12	−0.28	0.73	0.05	−0.12	A+^d	E+	A+
Sociable	0.30	0.35	0.02	0.70	0.13	−0.04	E+^d	E+	A+
Sensitive	−0.34	0.13	−0.01	0.67	−0.14	0.14	A+^d	A+	A+
Depressed	−0.48	0.11	−0.13	−0.64	−0.31	−0.04	E-^d	E-	E-
Protective	0.11	−0.21	0.27	0.63	0.13	−0.06	A+^d	A+	A+
Solitary	−0.42	−0.08	0.11	−0.58	−0.14	−0.26	E-^d	E-	E-
Sympathetic	−0.06	0.45	−0.42	0.55	−0.01	0.08	A+^d	A+	A+
Intelligent	0.22	−0.17	0.30	0.50	0.06	−0.06	O+^d	D+	I+
Persistent	0.40	0.04	0.36	0.50	−0.14	0.00	C+^d	D+	D+
Decisive	0.39	−0.15	0.41	0.44	0.03	−0.20	C+^d	D+	I+
Conventional	−0.14	−0.24	−0.18	0.12	−0.75	0.03	O-^g	A+	E-
Lazy	0.14	0.06	0.03	−0.30	−0.71	−0.17	C-^d	E-	E-
Predictable	0.11	−0.10	−0.25	−0.06	−0.72	−0.23	C+^d	C+	N-
Active	0.01	0.11	0.26	0.37	0.69	−0.05	E+^d	E+	E+
Clumsy	−0.33	0.36	0.18	−0.25	−0.52	−0.20	C-^e	C-	I+
Playful	−0.08	0.42	−0.01	0.42	0.48	0.11	E+^d	E+	E+
Cool	0.40	−0.13	0.12	0.10	−0.23	−0.76	N-^e	N-	N-
Quitting	−0.05	0.13	0.02	−0.02	−0.03	0.66	C-^g	C-	---
Anxious	−0.48	0.04	−0.17	−0.07	−0.01	0.63	N+^f	D-	N+
Erratic	0.03	0.40	0.14	−0.10	0.38	0.59	C-^d	C-	N+
Unemotional	0.22	0.16	−0.10	−0.18	−0.21	−0.45	N-^d	N-	E-
Jealous	−0.08	0.30	0.41	0.12	−0.27	0.44	A-^d	C-	D+

Note. Salient loadings (≥ |.40|) are in boldface.

Cnf = Confidence, Opn = Openness, Dom = Dominance, Frd = Friendliness, Act = Activity, Anx = Anxiety.

Loadings were reflected.

N = Neuroticism, E = Extraversion, O = Openness, A = Agreeableness, C = Conscientiousness, D = Dominance, I = Intellect, + = positive loadings; - = negative loadings.

Classification from Goldberg (1990) as described in Table 1 of King and Figueredo (1997).

Classification from Weiss et al. (2006, 2009).

Classification from Costa and McCrae (1992).

Classification from McCrae and Costa (1985).

Classification from King and Figuredo (1997) and Weiss et al. (2009).

ⁱ

Classification from Weiss et al. (2006).