Table 5.

Laboratory predictors associated with renal and cardiovascular disease progression in ADPKD

Predictor	Association/Change	Refs.
Urine predictors
Urine-concentrating capacity	Reduced in children with >10 versus ≤10 cysts	43
MCP-1	Increased in ADPKD; associated with TKV; predictor of stage 3 CKD	57,89
	Increased in ADPKD; associated with TKV	82
NGAL and IL-8	NGAL increased in ADPKD; associated with GFR, TKV, effective RBF	82
	Both increased in ADPKD	93
Kidney injury molecule-1	Increased in ADPKD; associated with GFR, TKV	82
Heart-type-fatty-acid binding protein	Increased in ADPKD; associated with GFR, RBF	82
Collagen-derived peptides and other biomarkers	Increased in ADPKD	92
Serum or other laboratory predictors
HDL cholesterol	Decreased HDL levels associated with GFR decline	78,86
	Low levels associated with TKV increase	86
Vascular endothelial growth factor	In children, correlated with TKV and LVMI; negatively correlated with CrCl	85
Angiopoietin 1	In children, correlated with TKV and LVMI; negatively correlated with urinary protein excretion	85
Serum uric acid	Higher level associated with earlier hypertension onset, larger TKV, ESRD risk	87
	Higher level associated with endothelial dysfunction	88
FGF23	Increased in ADPKD patients versus controls; associated with increased renal phosphate excretion	91
Inflammation-associated biomarkers (MCP-1 and TNF-α)	Overexpression of inflammation factors drives interstitial inflammation and fibrosis	94

MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; FGF23, fibroblast growth factor-23.