Table 5.
Predictor | Association/Change | Refs. |
---|---|---|
Urine predictors | ||
Urine-concentrating capacity | Reduced in children with >10 versus ≤10 cysts | 43 |
MCP-1 | Increased in ADPKD; associated with TKV; predictor of stage 3 CKD | 57,89 |
Increased in ADPKD; associated with TKV | 82 | |
NGAL and IL-8 | NGAL increased in ADPKD; associated with GFR, TKV, effective RBF | 82 |
Both increased in ADPKD | 93 | |
Kidney injury molecule-1 | Increased in ADPKD; associated with GFR, TKV | 82 |
Heart-type-fatty-acid binding protein | Increased in ADPKD; associated with GFR, RBF | 82 |
Collagen-derived peptides and other biomarkers | Increased in ADPKD | 92 |
Serum or other laboratory predictors | ||
HDL cholesterol | Decreased HDL levels associated with GFR decline | 78,86 |
Low levels associated with TKV increase | 86 | |
Vascular endothelial growth factor | In children, correlated with TKV and LVMI; negatively correlated with CrCl | 85 |
Angiopoietin 1 | In children, correlated with TKV and LVMI; negatively correlated with urinary protein excretion | 85 |
Serum uric acid | Higher level associated with earlier hypertension onset, larger TKV, ESRD risk | 87 |
Higher level associated with endothelial dysfunction | 88 | |
FGF23 | Increased in ADPKD patients versus controls; associated with increased renal phosphate excretion | 91 |
Inflammation-associated biomarkers (MCP-1 and TNF-α) | Overexpression of inflammation factors drives interstitial inflammation and fibrosis | 94 |
MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; FGF23, fibroblast growth factor-23.